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while the issue

  • 1 ἄκριτος

    ἄκρῐτος, ον, ([etym.] κρίνω)
    A undistinguishable, confused,

    ἄκριτα πόλλ' ἀγορεύειν Od.8.505

    ; τύμβος ἄ. one common undistinguished grave, Il. 7.337; ἄ. πάγος confused mass, Hp.Septim.6, cf. Pl.Grg. 465d, Philostr. Gym.26;

    ἄ. ἔρις καὶ ταραχή D.18.18

    ;

    ἄ. καιροί Demad.34

    .
    2 continual, unceasing,

    μῦθοι Il.2.796

    ;

    ἄχεα 3.412

    : neut. as Adv.,

    πενθήμεναι ἄκριτον αἰεί Od.18.174

    , 19.120;

    δηρὸν καὶ ἄ. h.Merc. 126

    ; ὄρος ἄ. continuous chain of mountains, AP6.225 (Nicaen.).
    3 after Hom. in poets, countless,

    ἄστρων ὄχλος Critias 19

    ;

    μυρία φῦλα καὶ ἄ. Opp.H.1.80

    ;

    ἄ. πλήθει Babr.33.3

    .
    II undecided, doubtful, νείκεα, ἄεθλος, Il.14.205, Hes.Sc. 311; ἄ. τελευταί which cannot be predicted, B.9.45; ἀκρίτων ὄντων while the issue is doubtful, Th.4.20; uncertain, of weather-signs,

    Ὠρίων Arist.Mete. 361b31

    ; πυρετὸς ἄ. fever that will not come to a crisis, Hp.Acut.(Sp.) 17. Adv.

    - τως Id.Epid.1.3

    ; τὸ ἀκρίτως ξυνεχὲς τῆς ἁμίλλης without decisive issue, Th.7.71: neut.pl.as Adv.,

    ἄκριτα δηρινθέντες Euph.94.3

    .
    2 unjudged, untried, of persons and things, ἀκρίτους κτείνειν, ἀποκτεῖναι without trial, Hdt.3.80, Th.2.67, cf.Lys.19.7, D.17.3;

    ἄ. ἀποθανεῖν Antipho 5.48

    , cf. Th.8.48, etc.; πρᾶγμα ἄ. cause not yet tried, Isoc.19.2, cf. Pl.Ti. 51c:—also, subject to no judge,

    πρύτανις A.Supp. 371

    . Adv.

    ἀκρίτως, ἀποκτείνειν D.H.11.43

    , cf. Conon 28.1, LXX 1 Ma. 2.37.
    III [voice] Act., not giving judgement, Hdt.8.124; not capable of judging, Parm.6.7, Plb.3.19.9, cf. Luc.Am.37; ἄκριτα μηχανώμενοι engaged in rash attempts, E.Andr. 549; κατ' ἄκριτον recklessly, Phld. Ir.p.69 W. Adv. - τως rashly, indiscreetly, Plb.2.7.2, Epict.Gnom. 65; indiscriminately,

    ἐκφέρειν Procl.in Prm.p.553S.

    2 not exercising judgement, undiscriminating, of fate, AP7.439 (Theodorid.), cf. 5.283 (Rufin.); ἄκριτε δαῖμον, of death, Epigr.Gr.204.3 (Cnid.).

    Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > ἄκριτος

  • 2 odležati

    vi pf spend some time in bed, be bed--ridden for some time; spend some time in prison, sl serve time; become stale/tired/ /shopworn (- odstajati) I vino (viski) mora odležatiati wine (whiskey) must age; fig neka to malo odležatii let it sit for a while, the issue/ /mat
    * * *
    • age

    Hrvatski-Engleski rječnik > odležati

  • 3 préstamo

    m.
    loan, lending, borrowing, accommodation.
    * * *
    1 (crédito) loan
    3 LINGÚÍSTICA loanword
    \
    pedir un préstamo to ask for a loan
    préstamo hipotecario home loan, mortgage
    * * *
    noun m.
    * * *
    SM
    1) (=acción) [de prestar] lending; [de pedir prestado] borrowing

    • en préstamo — on loan

    2) (=dinero prestado) loan

    • conceder un préstamo — to grant a loan

    • hacer un préstamo a algn — to give sb a loan

    • pedir un préstamo — to ask for a loan

    préstamo hipotecario — mortgage (loan), real-estate loan (EEUU)

    casa 8)
    3) (Ling) loanword
    * * *
    1) (Econ, Fin) ( acción - de prestar) lending; (- de tomar prestado) borrowing; ( cosa prestada) loan

    lo tenemos en préstamo — we've borrowed it, we've got it on loan

    2) (Ling) loanword
    * * *
    = borrowing, charge-out, circulation, issue, lending, lending and borrowing, loan, loan, issuing, charge, checkout [check-out], library issue, circ [circulation].
    Ex. Topics covered included: automated lending procedures, possible joint financial arrangements; interlibrary loans; and borrowing abroad = Los temas tratados incluían: procedimientos del préstamo automatizado, posibles acuerdos económicos conjuntos, préstamos interbibliotecarios y el préstamo en el extranjero.
    Ex. Charge-out then begins with an empty screen with places to read in the borrower numbers and up to nine copy numbers (Figure 86).
    Ex. Each local library is a separate administrative unit with separate and independent files for circulation, acquisitions, periodicals, and holdings.
    Ex. This system incorporates all the usual functions associated with the issue, return and reservation of library materials.
    Ex. While the benefits have been obvious, the mounting costs of lending and borrowing are causing serious concern.
    Ex. While the benefits have been obvious, the mounting costs of lending and borrowing are causing serious concern.
    Ex. A search of these files may be useful in the ordering of photocopies and loans.
    Ex. The EIB is able to borrow money at the best possible rates, and as it is non-profit making it is able to offer loans at advantageous terms.
    Ex. The recording of the loan of the material is called 'charging' or 'issuing', the actual record of the loan is known as the 'charge' or the 'issue', and the cancellation of the record when the material is returned by the borrower is called 'discharging'.
    Ex. The recording of the loan of the material is called 'charging' or 'issuing', the actual record of the loan is known as the ' charge' or the 'issue', and the cancellation of the record when the material is returned by the borrower is called 'discharging'.
    Ex. Library management systems have reduced the manual tasks of checkin, checkout, catalogue management and the like.
    Ex. This article describes a survey which was promoted by a sense that fiction in libraries is often undervalued, despite the fact that fiction accounts for a high proportion of public library issues.
    Ex. As public library circ declines, spending continues to top inflation.
    ----
    * área de préstamo = checkout area.
    * autorealización de préstamos = self-checkout [self-check-out].
    * autorenovación del préstamo = self-renewal.
    * autorización de préstamo = borrowing privileges.
    * auxiliar de préstamo = circulation clerk.
    * biblioteca de préstamo = lending library, circulating library, circulation library.
    * Biblioteca Nacional de Préstamo para la Ciencia y Tecnología (NLL) = National Lending Library for Science and Technology (NLL).
    * bibliotecario de préstamo = lending librarian.
    * bibliotecario de préstamos = borrowing librarian.
    * bolsa de control de préstamo = book pocket.
    * buzón para la devolución de préstamos = book chute, book return box.
    * cajón de préstamo = issue tray.
    * carnet de préstamo = library card.
    * Centro Nacional de Préstamos = National Lending Centre.
    * colección de préstamo = circulating collection.
    * colección de préstamo restringido = course reserve.
    * conceder un préstamo = grant + loan.
    * control de préstamo = circulation control.
    * departamento de préstamo = circulation department.
    * departamento de préstamo interbibliotecar = interlibrary loan department.
    * depósito de préstamos después de las horas de apertura = after-hours book drop.
    * de préstamo = circulating.
    * derecho de préstamo = lending right.
    * derecho sobre el préstamo al público (PLR) = public lending right (PLR).
    * devolución de préstamos = check-in [checkin], book return.
    * disponible al préstamo = circulating.
    * dispositivo de préstamo = checkout unit.
    * distribución de documentos de préstamo interbibliotecario = interlibrary loan document delivery.
    * División de Préstamo de la Biblioteca Británica (BLLD) = British Library Lending Division (BLLD).
    * en préstamo = in circulation, on loan, out on loan, checked-out.
    * estadística de préstamo = circulation statistics.
    * estadística de préstamos = loan statistics.
    * excluido del préstamo = uncirculated, non-circulating [noncirculating].
    * ficha de préstamo del libro = book card [bookcard].
    * fichero de préstamo = circulation file.
    * fondo de préstamo por horas = short-loan collection.
    * frecuencia de préstamo del material = turnover rate.
    * hacer un préstamo = charge, issue.
    * hoja de préstamo = routing slip, issue form, circulation slip.
    * libro de préstamo vencido = overdue book.
    * lista de préstamo = routing list, circulation list.
    * máquina de registro de préstamos por medio de la fotografía = photocharger, photocharging machine.
    * módulo de préstamos = circulation module.
    * mostrador de préstamo = circulation desk, control counter, check-out desk, library issue desk, front desk.
    * mostrador de préstamos = issue desk, issue counter.
    * no disponible para el préstamo = not-loanable.
    * normas de préstamos vencidos = overdue policy.
    * normativa de préstamo = loan policy.
    * número de préstamo = charging number.
    * número de préstamos = circulation figures.
    * pantalla de préstamo = charge-out screen.
    * papeleta de petición de préstamo interbibliotecario = interlibrary loan request form.
    * papeleta de solicitud de préstamo = call slip.
    * pedir en préstamo = borrow.
    * pedir un préstamo = take + a loan.
    * persona que hace un préstamo = loaner.
    * petición de préstamo = loan request.
    * petición de préstamo interbibliotecario = interlibrary loan request.
    * poner en préstamo = circulate.
    * préstamo a domicilio = home lending.
    * préstamo agrícola = farm loan, farm loan, farm loan, farm credit, agricultural credit.
    * préstamo automatizado = automated lending.
    * préstamo breve = short-loan, short-term loan.
    * préstamo de libros = book lending, checking out books.
    * préstamo de periodo fijo = fixed date loan period.
    * préstamo de plazo intermedio = intermediate-term loan.
    * préstamo electrónico = e-lending [electronic lending].
    * préstamo hipotecario = mortgage.
    * préstamo interbibliotecario = ILL (Interlibrary Loan), interlending, interlending transaction, interlibrary lending, interlibrary loan, interloan, loan traffic, interlibrary borrowing.
    * préstamo internacional = international lending.
    * préstamo nocturno = overnight loan.
    * préstamo para compra de coche = car loan.
    * préstamo para otra persona = proxy borrowing.
    * préstamo por horas = hourly loan.
    * préstamo por lector = circulation per capita.
    * préstamo prolongado = long-term loan.
    * préstamo reembolsable al vencimiento = bullet loan.
    * préstamo renovado = extended loan.
    * procesamiento de préstamos = loan processing.
    * procesar la devolución del préstamo = charge in, check in.
    * que no se puede sacar en préstamo = non-circulating [noncirculating].
    * que puede salir en préstamo = loanable.
    * realización de préstamos = checkout [check-out].
    * red de préstamo interbibliotecario = interlibrary loan network.
    * renovación del préstamo = renewal.
    * renovación de préstamos = extended loan.
    * renovar el préstamo de un documento = renew + document.
    * retirar un libro en préstamo = check out + book.
    * sacar en préstamo = charge out, check out.
    * sacar libro en préstamo = borrow + book.
    * sanción por préstamo vencido = overdue fine.
    * sección de préstamo = lending collection, lending stock.
    * servicio de préstamo = lending service, loaner service.
    * servicio de préstamo a domicilio = home lending service.
    * servicio de préstamo de documentos = document delivery service (DDS).
    * servicio de préstamo interbibliotecario = interlending service.
    * sin préstamo = non-circulating [noncirculating].
    * sistema automatizado de préstamo = automated lending system, computerised issue system.
    * sistema de préstamo = circulation system, issue system, lending system, book checking system, charge out system, library issue system.
    * sistema de préstamo automatizado = automated circulation system.
    * sistema de préstamo interbibliotecario = interlibrary loan system.
    * situación de préstamo = loan status.
    * sobre para el control del préstamo = slip holder pocket.
    * tasa de préstamo = lending rate, lending rate.
    * terminal de préstamo = issue terminal.
    * tiempo de préstamo = document delivery.
    * total de préstamos = circulation figures.
    * trabajo de préstamo de servicios = service job.
    * tramitar la devolución de un préstamo = discharge + book.
    * tramitar un préstamo = charge + book.
    * usada en el préstamo = label.
    * usuario que hace mucho uso del préstamo = heavy borrower.
    * usuario que hace poco uso del préstamo = light borrower.
    * usuario que hace uso del préstamo = borrower.
    * * *
    1) (Econ, Fin) ( acción - de prestar) lending; (- de tomar prestado) borrowing; ( cosa prestada) loan

    lo tenemos en préstamo — we've borrowed it, we've got it on loan

    2) (Ling) loanword
    * * *
    = borrowing, charge-out, circulation, issue, lending, lending and borrowing, loan, loan, issuing, charge, checkout [check-out], library issue, circ [circulation].

    Ex: Topics covered included: automated lending procedures, possible joint financial arrangements; interlibrary loans; and borrowing abroad = Los temas tratados incluían: procedimientos del préstamo automatizado, posibles acuerdos económicos conjuntos, préstamos interbibliotecarios y el préstamo en el extranjero.

    Ex: Charge-out then begins with an empty screen with places to read in the borrower numbers and up to nine copy numbers (Figure 86).
    Ex: Each local library is a separate administrative unit with separate and independent files for circulation, acquisitions, periodicals, and holdings.
    Ex: This system incorporates all the usual functions associated with the issue, return and reservation of library materials.
    Ex: While the benefits have been obvious, the mounting costs of lending and borrowing are causing serious concern.
    Ex: While the benefits have been obvious, the mounting costs of lending and borrowing are causing serious concern.
    Ex: A search of these files may be useful in the ordering of photocopies and loans.
    Ex: The EIB is able to borrow money at the best possible rates, and as it is non-profit making it is able to offer loans at advantageous terms.
    Ex: The recording of the loan of the material is called 'charging' or 'issuing', the actual record of the loan is known as the 'charge' or the 'issue', and the cancellation of the record when the material is returned by the borrower is called 'discharging'.
    Ex: The recording of the loan of the material is called 'charging' or 'issuing', the actual record of the loan is known as the ' charge' or the 'issue', and the cancellation of the record when the material is returned by the borrower is called 'discharging'.
    Ex: Library management systems have reduced the manual tasks of checkin, checkout, catalogue management and the like.
    Ex: This article describes a survey which was promoted by a sense that fiction in libraries is often undervalued, despite the fact that fiction accounts for a high proportion of public library issues.
    Ex: As public library circ declines, spending continues to top inflation.
    * área de préstamo = checkout area.
    * autorealización de préstamos = self-checkout [self-check-out].
    * autorenovación del préstamo = self-renewal.
    * autorización de préstamo = borrowing privileges.
    * auxiliar de préstamo = circulation clerk.
    * biblioteca de préstamo = lending library, circulating library, circulation library.
    * Biblioteca Nacional de Préstamo para la Ciencia y Tecnología (NLL) = National Lending Library for Science and Technology (NLL).
    * bibliotecario de préstamo = lending librarian.
    * bibliotecario de préstamos = borrowing librarian.
    * bolsa de control de préstamo = book pocket.
    * buzón para la devolución de préstamos = book chute, book return box.
    * cajón de préstamo = issue tray.
    * carnet de préstamo = library card.
    * Centro Nacional de Préstamos = National Lending Centre.
    * colección de préstamo = circulating collection.
    * colección de préstamo restringido = course reserve.
    * conceder un préstamo = grant + loan.
    * control de préstamo = circulation control.
    * departamento de préstamo = circulation department.
    * departamento de préstamo interbibliotecar = interlibrary loan department.
    * depósito de préstamos después de las horas de apertura = after-hours book drop.
    * de préstamo = circulating.
    * derecho de préstamo = lending right.
    * derecho sobre el préstamo al público (PLR) = public lending right (PLR).
    * devolución de préstamos = check-in [checkin], book return.
    * disponible al préstamo = circulating.
    * dispositivo de préstamo = checkout unit.
    * distribución de documentos de préstamo interbibliotecario = interlibrary loan document delivery.
    * División de Préstamo de la Biblioteca Británica (BLLD) = British Library Lending Division (BLLD).
    * en préstamo = in circulation, on loan, out on loan, checked-out.
    * estadística de préstamo = circulation statistics.
    * estadística de préstamos = loan statistics.
    * excluido del préstamo = uncirculated, non-circulating [noncirculating].
    * ficha de préstamo del libro = book card [bookcard].
    * fichero de préstamo = circulation file.
    * fondo de préstamo por horas = short-loan collection.
    * frecuencia de préstamo del material = turnover rate.
    * hacer un préstamo = charge, issue.
    * hoja de préstamo = routing slip, issue form, circulation slip.
    * libro de préstamo vencido = overdue book.
    * lista de préstamo = routing list, circulation list.
    * máquina de registro de préstamos por medio de la fotografía = photocharger, photocharging machine.
    * módulo de préstamos = circulation module.
    * mostrador de préstamo = circulation desk, control counter, check-out desk, library issue desk, front desk.
    * mostrador de préstamos = issue desk, issue counter.
    * no disponible para el préstamo = not-loanable.
    * normas de préstamos vencidos = overdue policy.
    * normativa de préstamo = loan policy.
    * número de préstamo = charging number.
    * número de préstamos = circulation figures.
    * pantalla de préstamo = charge-out screen.
    * papeleta de petición de préstamo interbibliotecario = interlibrary loan request form.
    * papeleta de solicitud de préstamo = call slip.
    * pedir en préstamo = borrow.
    * pedir un préstamo = take + a loan.
    * persona que hace un préstamo = loaner.
    * petición de préstamo = loan request.
    * petición de préstamo interbibliotecario = interlibrary loan request.
    * poner en préstamo = circulate.
    * préstamo a domicilio = home lending.
    * préstamo agrícola = farm loan, farm loan, farm loan, farm credit, agricultural credit.
    * préstamo automatizado = automated lending.
    * préstamo breve = short-loan, short-term loan.
    * préstamo de libros = book lending, checking out books.
    * préstamo de periodo fijo = fixed date loan period.
    * préstamo de plazo intermedio = intermediate-term loan.
    * préstamo electrónico = e-lending [electronic lending].
    * préstamo hipotecario = mortgage.
    * préstamo interbibliotecario = ILL (Interlibrary Loan), interlending, interlending transaction, interlibrary lending, interlibrary loan, interloan, loan traffic, interlibrary borrowing.
    * préstamo internacional = international lending.
    * préstamo nocturno = overnight loan.
    * préstamo para compra de coche = car loan.
    * préstamo para otra persona = proxy borrowing.
    * préstamo por horas = hourly loan.
    * préstamo por lector = circulation per capita.
    * préstamo prolongado = long-term loan.
    * préstamo reembolsable al vencimiento = bullet loan.
    * préstamo renovado = extended loan.
    * procesamiento de préstamos = loan processing.
    * procesar la devolución del préstamo = charge in, check in.
    * que no se puede sacar en préstamo = non-circulating [noncirculating].
    * que puede salir en préstamo = loanable.
    * realización de préstamos = checkout [check-out].
    * red de préstamo interbibliotecario = interlibrary loan network.
    * renovación del préstamo = renewal.
    * renovación de préstamos = extended loan.
    * renovar el préstamo de un documento = renew + document.
    * retirar un libro en préstamo = check out + book.
    * sacar en préstamo = charge out, check out.
    * sacar libro en préstamo = borrow + book.
    * sanción por préstamo vencido = overdue fine.
    * sección de préstamo = lending collection, lending stock.
    * servicio de préstamo = lending service, loaner service.
    * servicio de préstamo a domicilio = home lending service.
    * servicio de préstamo de documentos = document delivery service (DDS).
    * servicio de préstamo interbibliotecario = interlending service.
    * sin préstamo = non-circulating [noncirculating].
    * sistema automatizado de préstamo = automated lending system, computerised issue system.
    * sistema de préstamo = circulation system, issue system, lending system, book checking system, charge out system, library issue system.
    * sistema de préstamo automatizado = automated circulation system.
    * sistema de préstamo interbibliotecario = interlibrary loan system.
    * situación de préstamo = loan status.
    * sobre para el control del préstamo = slip holder pocket.
    * tasa de préstamo = lending rate, lending rate.
    * terminal de préstamo = issue terminal.
    * tiempo de préstamo = document delivery.
    * total de préstamos = circulation figures.
    * trabajo de préstamo de servicios = service job.
    * tramitar la devolución de un préstamo = discharge + book.
    * tramitar un préstamo = charge + book.
    * usada en el préstamo = label.
    * usuario que hace mucho uso del préstamo = heavy borrower.
    * usuario que hace poco uso del préstamo = light borrower.
    * usuario que hace uso del préstamo = borrower.

    * * *
    A ( Econ, Fin) (acción — de prestar) lending; (— de tomar prestado) borrowing; (cosa prestada) loan
    pidió un préstamo en el banco he asked the bank for a loan
    lo tenemos en préstamo we've borrowed it/we've got it on loan
    Compuestos:
    balloon loan
    student loan
    bridge loan ( AmE), bridging loan ( BrE)
    B ( Ling) loanword
    * * *

     

    préstamo sustantivo masculino (Econ, Fin) ( acción — de prestar) lending;
    (— de tomar prestado) borrowing;
    ( cosa prestada) loan
    préstamo sustantivo masculino loan: me dejó el libro en préstamo, he lent me the book
    pedimos un préstamo al banco, we applied for a loan from the bank
    préstamo hipotecario, mortgage
    ' préstamo' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    conceder
    - crédito
    - espaldarazo
    - reembolsar
    - amortización
    - aprobación
    - aprobar
    - avalar
    - bancario
    - concesión
    - consolidar
    - gestionar
    - interesar
    - otorgar
    - pedir
    - reembolso
    - reintegrar
    - reintegro
    - tramitar
    - trámite
    - urgir
    English:
    bank loan
    - guarantee
    - loan
    - negotiate
    - raise
    - repay
    - repayment
    - advance
    - approach
    - borrow
    - issue
    - mortgage
    * * *
    1. [acción] [de prestar] lending;
    [de pedir prestado] borrowing;
    ese libro está en préstamo that book is out on loan;
    2. [cantidad] loan;
    pedir un préstamo to ask for a loan
    préstamo bancario bank loan;
    préstamo a plazo fijo fixed-term loan
    3. Ling loanword
    * * *
    m
    1 de dinero loan;
    préstamo bancario bank loan;
    pedir un préstamo para algo apply for a loan for sth
    2 GRAM loanword
    * * *
    : loan
    * * *
    préstamo n loan

    Spanish-English dictionary > préstamo

  • 4 enfrentar

    v.
    1 to bring face to face (poner frente a frente).
    2 to confront, to face (hacer frente a).
    enfrentan el futuro con inquietud they face the future with unease
    María enfrentó a la chismosa Mary confronted the gossip.
    María confrontó sus problemas Mary confronted her problems.
    * * *
    1 (poner frente a frente) to bring face to face, confront
    2 (encarar) to face, confront
    1 (hacer frente) to face (a/con, -), confront (a/con, -)
    2 DEPORTE to meet (a/con, -)
    3 (pelearse) to have an argument (a, with), fall out (a, with); (chocar) to clash (a/con, with)
    * * *
    verb
    to face, confront
    * * *
    1. VT
    1) (=enemistar) to set against
    2) (=afrontar) [+ dificultad] to face (up to), confront; [+ realidad] to face (up to)
    3) (=encarar)

    este partido enfrentará a los dos mejores tenistas — this match will bring together the two best tennis players, this match will bring the two best tennis players face to face

    2.
    See:
    * * *
    1.
    verbo transitivo
    1) <problema/peligro/realidad> to confront, face up to; < futuro> to face
    2)
    a) <contrincantes/opositores> to bring... face to face
    b) ( enemistar) to bring... into conflict
    2.
    enfrentarse v pron

    enfrentarse a/con alguien: se enfrentaron con la policía they clashed with the police; se enfrentó con el enemigo he confronted the enemy; el equipo se enfrenta hoy a Paraguay today the team comes up against o meets Paraguay; enfrentarse a algo a dificultades/peligros to face something; no quiere enfrentarse a la realidad — he doesn't want to face up to reality

    b) (recípr) equipos/atletas to meet; tropas/oponentes to clash
    * * *
    = oppose, drive + a wedge between.
    Ex. A respondent is a candidate for a degree who, in an academic disputation, defends or opposes a thesis proposed by the praeses (q.v.); also called the defendant.
    Ex. While the current problems associated with serial economics have driven a wedge between vendors, librarians and publishers, they should be cooperating and communicating in order to withstand the information explosion.
    ----
    * enfrentar a = pit against.
    * enfrentarse = struggle, tackle, come to + terms with, engage, come + face to face.
    * enfrentarse a = be faced with, come to + grips with, confront, face, face up to, meet, cope with, get to + grips with, clash with, grapple with, wrestle with, get + a grip on, go + head-to-head with, be up against, come up against, run up against, line up against, brave, breast, have + a go at, address, engage in + confrontation with.
    * enfrentarse a Algo cara a cara = address + Nombre + head-on, meet + Nombre + head-on, tackle + Nombre + head-on, face + Nombre + head-on.
    * enfrentarse a alternativas = be faced with choices, face + choices.
    * enfrentarse a la muerte = face + death.
    * enfrentarse a la realidad = confront + reality, face + (the) facts, face + reality.
    * enfrentarse a la realidad (de que) = face + (up to) the fact that, face + the truth (that).
    * enfrentarse a la vida = cope with + life, face + life, cope.
    * enfrentarse al futuro = face up to + the future, face + the future.
    * enfrentarse al hecho de que = face + (up to) the fact that.
    * enfrentarse a los cambios = cope with + change.
    * enfrentarse a los elementos = brave + the elements.
    * enfrentarse a una barrera = face + barrier.
    * enfrentarse a una crisis = face + crisis.
    * enfrentarse a una cuestión = run up against + issue.
    * enfrentarse a una limitación = face + constraint, face + limitation.
    * enfrentarse a una reacción + Adjetivo = meet with + Adjetivo + reaction.
    * enfrentarse a una situación = face + situation, meet + situation.
    * enfrentarse a una tarea = face + task.
    * enfrentarse a una traba = face + limitation, face + barrier.
    * enfrentarse a un dilema = face + dilemma.
    * enfrentarse a un impás = face + impasse.
    * enfrentarse a un obstáculo = address + barrier.
    * enfrentarse a un problema = challenge + threat, confront + question, cope with + problem, face + problem, confront + problem, come up against + problem, experience + problem, struggle with + issue, wrestle with + problem, deal with + issue.
    * enfrentarse a un reto = face + challenge, meet + challenge, undertake + challenge, handle + challenge, confront + challenge.
    * enfrentarse cara a cara con = go + eyball to eyeball with.
    * enfrentarse con una dificultad = face + difficulty.
    * * *
    1.
    verbo transitivo
    1) <problema/peligro/realidad> to confront, face up to; < futuro> to face
    2)
    a) <contrincantes/opositores> to bring... face to face
    b) ( enemistar) to bring... into conflict
    2.
    enfrentarse v pron

    enfrentarse a/con alguien: se enfrentaron con la policía they clashed with the police; se enfrentó con el enemigo he confronted the enemy; el equipo se enfrenta hoy a Paraguay today the team comes up against o meets Paraguay; enfrentarse a algo a dificultades/peligros to face something; no quiere enfrentarse a la realidad — he doesn't want to face up to reality

    b) (recípr) equipos/atletas to meet; tropas/oponentes to clash
    * * *
    = oppose, drive + a wedge between.

    Ex: A respondent is a candidate for a degree who, in an academic disputation, defends or opposes a thesis proposed by the praeses (q.v.); also called the defendant.

    Ex: While the current problems associated with serial economics have driven a wedge between vendors, librarians and publishers, they should be cooperating and communicating in order to withstand the information explosion.
    * enfrentar a = pit against.
    * enfrentarse = struggle, tackle, come to + terms with, engage, come + face to face.
    * enfrentarse a = be faced with, come to + grips with, confront, face, face up to, meet, cope with, get to + grips with, clash with, grapple with, wrestle with, get + a grip on, go + head-to-head with, be up against, come up against, run up against, line up against, brave, breast, have + a go at, address, engage in + confrontation with.
    * enfrentarse a Algo cara a cara = address + Nombre + head-on, meet + Nombre + head-on, tackle + Nombre + head-on, face + Nombre + head-on.
    * enfrentarse a alternativas = be faced with choices, face + choices.
    * enfrentarse a la muerte = face + death.
    * enfrentarse a la realidad = confront + reality, face + (the) facts, face + reality.
    * enfrentarse a la realidad (de que) = face + (up to) the fact that, face + the truth (that).
    * enfrentarse a la vida = cope with + life, face + life, cope.
    * enfrentarse al futuro = face up to + the future, face + the future.
    * enfrentarse al hecho de que = face + (up to) the fact that.
    * enfrentarse a los cambios = cope with + change.
    * enfrentarse a los elementos = brave + the elements.
    * enfrentarse a una barrera = face + barrier.
    * enfrentarse a una crisis = face + crisis.
    * enfrentarse a una cuestión = run up against + issue.
    * enfrentarse a una limitación = face + constraint, face + limitation.
    * enfrentarse a una reacción + Adjetivo = meet with + Adjetivo + reaction.
    * enfrentarse a una situación = face + situation, meet + situation.
    * enfrentarse a una tarea = face + task.
    * enfrentarse a una traba = face + limitation, face + barrier.
    * enfrentarse a un dilema = face + dilemma.
    * enfrentarse a un impás = face + impasse.
    * enfrentarse a un obstáculo = address + barrier.
    * enfrentarse a un problema = challenge + threat, confront + question, cope with + problem, face + problem, confront + problem, come up against + problem, experience + problem, struggle with + issue, wrestle with + problem, deal with + issue.
    * enfrentarse a un reto = face + challenge, meet + challenge, undertake + challenge, handle + challenge, confront + challenge.
    * enfrentarse cara a cara con = go + eyball to eyeball with.
    * enfrentarse con una dificultad = face + difficulty.

    * * *
    enfrentar [A1 ]
    vt
    A ‹problema/peligro› to confront, face up to
    podemos enfrentar el futuro con optimismo we can face the future with optimism
    tienes que enfrentar la realidad you have to face up to reality, you have to face facts
    B
    1 ‹contrincantes/opositores› to bring … face to face enfrentar a algn CON algn to bring sb face to face WITH sb
    el combate enfrentará al campeón europeo con el africano the fight will bring together the European and African champions, the fight will bring the European champion face to face with the African champion, the European and African champions will meet in the fight
    2 (enemistar) to bring … into conflict
    1 (hacer frente a) enfrentarse A/ CON algn:
    se enfrentaron con la policía they clashed with the police
    se enfrentó con el enemigo he confronted the enemy
    se enfrentó duramente al or con el líder de la oposición she clashed with the leader of the opposition
    el equipo se enfrenta hoy a Paraguay today the team comes up against o meets Paraguay
    enfrentarse A algo:
    tuvieron que enfrentarse a múltiples dificultades/peligros they had to face many difficulties/dangers
    nunca ha querido enfrentarse a la realidad he has never wanted to face up to reality
    ya cambiará cuando tenga que enfrentarse a la vida he'll change when he has to face up to life
    2 ( recípr) «equipos/atletas» to meet; «tropas» to clash
    los dos líderes se enfrentaron en un duro debate the two leaders clashed in a fierce debate
    * * *

     

    enfrentar ( conjugate enfrentar) verbo transitivo
    1 ‹problema/peligro/realidad› to confront, face up to;
    ‹ futuro› to face
    2
    a) ‹contrincantes/opositores› to bring … face to face

    b) ( enemistar) to bring … into conflict

    enfrentarse verbo pronominal
    a) ( hacer frente a) enfrentarse con algn ‹con rival/enemigo› to confront sb;

    enfrentarse a algo ‹a dificultades/peligros› to face sth;
    ‹a realidad/responsabilidad› to face up to sth
    b) ( recípr) [equipos/atletas] to meet;

    [tropas/oponentes] to clash
    enfrentar verbo transitivo
    1 (afrontar) to confront, face up to
    2 (enemistar) to set at odds: las diferencias políticas enfrentaron a los dos amigos, political differences set them at odds
    3 (poner frente a frente) to bring face to face
    ' enfrentar' also found in these entries:
    English:
    play off against
    - confront
    - pit
    - tackle
    * * *
    ♦ vt
    1. [enemistar] to bring into conflict
    2. [poner frente a frente] to bring face to face ( con with);
    un partido que enfrentará al actual campeón con sus antiguos rivales a game that will pit the current champions against their old rivals
    3. [hacer frente a] to confront, to face;
    enfrentan el futuro con inquietud they face the future with unease
    * * *
    v/t confront, face up to
    * * *
    : to confront, to face

    Spanish-English dictionary > enfrentar

  • 5 Historical Portugal

       Before Romans described western Iberia or Hispania as "Lusitania," ancient Iberians inhabited the land. Phoenician and Greek trading settlements grew up in the Tagus estuary area and nearby coasts. Beginning around 202 BCE, Romans invaded what is today southern Portugal. With Rome's defeat of Carthage, Romans proceeded to conquer and rule the western region north of the Tagus, which they named Roman "Lusitania." In the fourth century CE, as Rome's rule weakened, the area experienced yet another invasion—Germanic tribes, principally the Suevi, who eventually were Christianized. During the sixth century CE, the Suevi kingdom was superseded by yet another Germanic tribe—the Christian Visigoths.
       A major turning point in Portugal's history came in 711, as Muslim armies from North Africa, consisting of both Arab and Berber elements, invaded the Iberian Peninsula from across the Straits of Gibraltar. They entered what is now Portugal in 714, and proceeded to conquer most of the country except for the far north. For the next half a millennium, Islam and Muslim presence in Portugal left a significant mark upon the politics, government, language, and culture of the country.
       Islam, Reconquest, and Portugal Created, 714-1140
       The long frontier struggle between Muslim invaders and Christian communities in the north of the Iberian peninsula was called the Reconquista (Reconquest). It was during this struggle that the first dynasty of Portuguese kings (Burgundian) emerged and the independent monarchy of Portugal was established. Christian forces moved south from what is now the extreme north of Portugal and gradually defeated Muslim forces, besieging and capturing towns under Muslim sway. In the ninth century, as Christian forces slowly made their way southward, Christian elements were dominant only in the area between Minho province and the Douro River; this region became known as "territorium Portu-calense."
       In the 11th century, the advance of the Reconquest quickened as local Christian armies were reinforced by crusading knights from what is now France and England. Christian forces took Montemor (1034), at the Mondego River; Lamego (1058); Viseu (1058); and Coimbra (1064). In 1095, the king of Castile and Léon granted the country of "Portu-cale," what became northern Portugal, to a Burgundian count who had emigrated from France. This was the foundation of Portugal. In 1139, a descendant of this count, Afonso Henriques, proclaimed himself "King of Portugal." He was Portugal's first monarch, the "Founder," and the first of the Burgundian dynasty, which ruled until 1385.
       The emergence of Portugal in the 12th century as a separate monarchy in Iberia occurred before the Christian Reconquest of the peninsula. In the 1140s, the pope in Rome recognized Afonso Henriques as king of Portugal. In 1147, after a long, bloody siege, Muslim-occupied Lisbon fell to Afonso Henriques's army. Lisbon was the greatest prize of the 500-year war. Assisting this effort were English crusaders on their way to the Holy Land; the first bishop of Lisbon was an Englishman. When the Portuguese captured Faro and Silves in the Algarve province in 1248-50, the Reconquest of the extreme western portion of the Iberian peninsula was complete—significantly, more than two centuries before the Spanish crown completed the Reconquest of the eastern portion by capturing Granada in 1492.
       Consolidation and Independence of Burgundian Portugal, 1140-1385
       Two main themes of Portugal's early existence as a monarchy are the consolidation of control over the realm and the defeat of a Castil-ian threat from the east to its independence. At the end of this period came the birth of a new royal dynasty (Aviz), which prepared to carry the Christian Reconquest beyond continental Portugal across the straits of Gibraltar to North Africa. There was a variety of motives behind these developments. Portugal's independent existence was imperiled by threats from neighboring Iberian kingdoms to the north and east. Politics were dominated not only by efforts against the Muslims in
       Portugal (until 1250) and in nearby southern Spain (until 1492), but also by internecine warfare among the kingdoms of Castile, Léon, Aragon, and Portugal. A final comeback of Muslim forces was defeated at the battle of Salado (1340) by allied Castilian and Portuguese forces. In the emerging Kingdom of Portugal, the monarch gradually gained power over and neutralized the nobility and the Church.
       The historic and commonplace Portuguese saying "From Spain, neither a good wind nor a good marriage" was literally played out in diplomacy and war in the late 14th-century struggles for mastery in the peninsula. Larger, more populous Castile was pitted against smaller Portugal. Castile's Juan I intended to force a union between Castile and Portugal during this era of confusion and conflict. In late 1383, Portugal's King Fernando, the last king of the Burgundian dynasty, suddenly died prematurely at age 38, and the Master of Aviz, Portugal's most powerful nobleman, took up the cause of independence and resistance against Castile's invasion. The Master of Aviz, who became King João I of Portugal, was able to obtain foreign assistance. With the aid of English archers, Joao's armies defeated the Castilians in the crucial battle of Aljubarrota, on 14 August 1385, a victory that assured the independence of the Portuguese monarchy from its Castilian nemesis for several centuries.
       Aviz Dynasty and Portugal's First Overseas Empire, 1385-1580
       The results of the victory at Aljubarrota, much celebrated in Portugal's art and monuments, and the rise of the Aviz dynasty also helped to establish a new merchant class in Lisbon and Oporto, Portugal's second city. This group supported King João I's program of carrying the Reconquest to North Africa, since it was interested in expanding Portugal's foreign commerce and tapping into Muslim trade routes and resources in Africa. With the Reconquest against the Muslims completed in Portugal and the threat from Castile thwarted for the moment, the Aviz dynasty launched an era of overseas conquest, exploration, and trade. These efforts dominated Portugal's 15th and 16th centuries.
       The overseas empire and age of Discoveries began with Portugal's bold conquest in 1415 of the Moroccan city of Ceuta. One royal member of the 1415 expedition was young, 21-year-old Prince Henry, later known in history as "Prince Henry the Navigator." His part in the capture of Ceuta won Henry his knighthood and began Portugal's "Marvelous Century," during which the small kingdom was counted as a European and world power of consequence. Henry was the son of King João I and his English queen, Philippa of Lancaster, but he did not inherit the throne. Instead, he spent most of his life and his fortune, and that of the wealthy military Order of Christ, on various imperial ventures and on voyages of exploration down the African coast and into the Atlantic. While mythology has surrounded Henry's controversial role in the Discoveries, and this role has been exaggerated, there is no doubt that he played a vital part in the initiation of Portugal's first overseas empire and in encouraging exploration. He was naturally curious, had a sense of mission for Portugal, and was a strong leader. He also had wealth to expend; at least a third of the African voyages of the time were under his sponsorship. If Prince Henry himself knew little science, significant scientific advances in navigation were made in his day.
       What were Portugal's motives for this new imperial effort? The well-worn historical cliche of "God, Glory, and Gold" can only partly explain the motivation of a small kingdom with few natural resources and barely 1 million people, which was greatly outnumbered by the other powers it confronted. Among Portuguese objectives were the desire to exploit known North African trade routes and resources (gold, wheat, leather, weaponry, and other goods that were scarce in Iberia); the need to outflank the Muslim world in the Mediterranean by sailing around Africa, attacking Muslims en route; and the wish to ally with Christian kingdoms beyond Africa. This enterprise also involved a strategy of breaking the Venetian spice monopoly by trading directly with the East by means of discovering and exploiting a sea route around Africa to Asia. Besides the commercial motives, Portugal nurtured a strong crusading sense of Christian mission, and various classes in the kingdom saw an opportunity for fame and gain.
       By the time of Prince Henry's death in 1460, Portugal had gained control of the Atlantic archipelagos of the Azores and Madeiras, begun to colonize the Cape Verde Islands, failed to conquer the Canary Islands from Castile, captured various cities on Morocco's coast, and explored as far as Senegal, West Africa, down the African coast. By 1488, Bar-tolomeu Dias had rounded the Cape of Good Hope in South Africa and thereby discovered the way to the Indian Ocean.
       Portugal's largely coastal African empire and later its fragile Asian empire brought unexpected wealth but were purchased at a high price. Costs included wars of conquest and defense against rival powers, manning the far-flung navel and trade fleets and scattered castle-fortresses, and staffing its small but fierce armies, all of which entailed a loss of skills and population to maintain a scattered empire. Always short of capital, the monarchy became indebted to bankers. There were many defeats beginning in the 16th century at the hands of the larger imperial European monarchies (Spain, France, England, and Holland) and many attacks on Portugal and its strung-out empire. Typically, there was also the conflict that arose when a tenuously held world empire that rarely if ever paid its way demanded finance and manpower Portugal itself lacked.
       The first 80 years of the glorious imperial era, the golden age of Portugal's imperial power and world influence, was an African phase. During 1415-88, Portuguese navigators and explorers in small ships, some of them caravelas (caravels), explored the treacherous, disease-ridden coasts of Africa from Morocco to South Africa beyond the Cape of Good Hope. By the 1470s, the Portuguese had reached the Gulf of Guinea and, in the early 1480s, what is now Angola. Bartolomeu Dias's extraordinary voyage of 1487-88 to South Africa's coast and the edge of the Indian Ocean convinced Portugal that the best route to Asia's spices and Christians lay south, around the tip of southern Africa. Between 1488 and 1495, there was a hiatus caused in part by domestic conflict in Portugal, discussion of resources available for further conquests beyond Africa in Asia, and serious questions as to Portugal's capacity to reach beyond Africa. In 1495, King Manuel and his council decided to strike for Asia, whatever the consequences. In 1497-99, Vasco da Gama, under royal orders, made the epic two-year voyage that discovered the sea route to western India (Asia), outflanked Islam and Venice, and began Portugal's Asian empire. Within 50 years, Portugal had discovered and begun the exploitation of its largest colony, Brazil, and set up forts and trading posts from the Middle East (Aden and Ormuz), India (Calicut, Goa, etc.), Malacca, and Indonesia to Macau in China.
       By the 1550s, parts of its largely coastal, maritime trading post empire from Morocco to the Moluccas were under siege from various hostile forces, including Muslims, Christians, and Hindi. Although Moroccan forces expelled the Portuguese from the major coastal cities by 1550, the rival European monarchies of Castile (Spain), England, France, and later Holland began to seize portions of her undermanned, outgunned maritime empire.
       In 1580, Phillip II of Spain, whose mother was a Portuguese princess and who had a strong claim to the Portuguese throne, invaded Portugal, claimed the throne, and assumed control over the realm and, by extension, its African, Asian, and American empires. Phillip II filled the power vacuum that appeared in Portugal following the loss of most of Portugal's army and its young, headstrong King Sebastião in a disastrous war in Morocco. Sebastiao's death in battle (1578) and the lack of a natural heir to succeed him, as well as the weak leadership of the cardinal who briefly assumed control in Lisbon, led to a crisis that Spain's strong monarch exploited. As a result, Portugal lost its independence to Spain for a period of 60 years.
       Portugal under Spanish Rule, 1580-1640
       Despite the disastrous nature of Portugal's experience under Spanish rule, "The Babylonian Captivity" gave birth to modern Portuguese nationalism, its second overseas empire, and its modern alliance system with England. Although Spain allowed Portugal's weakened empire some autonomy, Spanish rule in Portugal became increasingly burdensome and unacceptable. Spain's ambitious imperial efforts in Europe and overseas had an impact on the Portuguese as Spain made greater and greater demands on its smaller neighbor for manpower and money. Portugal's culture underwent a controversial Castilianization, while its empire became hostage to Spain's fortunes. New rival powers England, France, and Holland attacked and took parts of Spain's empire and at the same time attacked Portugal's empire, as well as the mother country.
       Portugal's empire bore the consequences of being attacked by Spain's bitter enemies in what was a form of world war. Portuguese losses were heavy. By 1640, Portugal had lost most of its Moroccan cities as well as Ceylon, the Moluccas, and sections of India. With this, Portugal's Asian empire was gravely weakened. Only Goa, Damão, Diu, Bombay, Timor, and Macau remained and, in Brazil, Dutch forces occupied the northeast.
       On 1 December 1640, long commemorated as a national holiday, Portuguese rebels led by the duke of Braganza overthrew Spanish domination and took advantage of Spanish weakness following a more serious rebellion in Catalonia. Portugal regained independence from Spain, but at a price: dependence on foreign assistance to maintain its independence in the form of the renewal of the alliance with England.
       Restoration and Second Empire, 1640-1822
       Foreign affairs and empire dominated the restoration era and aftermath, and Portugal again briefly enjoyed greater European power and prestige. The Anglo-Portuguese Alliance was renewed and strengthened in treaties of 1642, 1654, and 1661, and Portugal's independence from Spain was underwritten by English pledges and armed assistance. In a Luso-Spanish treaty of 1668, Spain recognized Portugal's independence. Portugal's alliance with England was a marriage of convenience and necessity between two monarchies with important religious, cultural, and social differences. In return for legal, diplomatic, and trade privileges, as well as the use during war and peace of Portugal's great Lisbon harbor and colonial ports for England's navy, England pledged to protect Portugal and its scattered empire from any attack. The previously cited 17th-century alliance treaties were renewed later in the Treaty of Windsor, signed in London in 1899. On at least 10 different occasions after 1640, and during the next two centuries, England was central in helping prevent or repel foreign invasions of its ally, Portugal.
       Portugal's second empire (1640-1822) was largely Brazil-oriented. Portuguese colonization, exploitation of wealth, and emigration focused on Portuguese America, and imperial revenues came chiefly from Brazil. Between 1670 and 1740, Portugal's royalty and nobility grew wealthier on funds derived from Brazilian gold, diamonds, sugar, tobacco, and other crops, an enterprise supported by the Atlantic slave trade and the supply of African slave labor from West Africa and Angola. Visitors today can see where much of that wealth was invested: Portugal's rich legacy of monumental architecture. Meanwhile, the African slave trade took a toll in Angola and West Africa.
       In continental Portugal, absolutist monarchy dominated politics and government, and there was a struggle for position and power between the monarchy and other institutions, such as the Church and nobility. King José I's chief minister, usually known in history as the marquis of Pombal (ruled 1750-77), sharply suppressed the nobility and the
       Church (including the Inquisition, now a weak institution) and expelled the Jesuits. Pombal also made an effort to reduce economic dependence on England, Portugal's oldest ally. But his successes did not last much beyond his disputed time in office.
       Beginning in the late 18th century, the European-wide impact of the French Revolution and the rise of Napoleon placed Portugal in a vulnerable position. With the monarchy ineffectively led by an insane queen (Maria I) and her indecisive regent son (João VI), Portugal again became the focus of foreign ambition and aggression. With England unable to provide decisive assistance in time, France—with Spain's consent—invaded Portugal in 1807. As Napoleon's army under General Junot entered Lisbon meeting no resistance, Portugal's royal family fled on a British fleet to Brazil, where it remained in exile until 1821. In the meantime, Portugal's overseas empire was again under threat. There was a power vacuum as the monarch was absent, foreign armies were present, and new political notions of liberalism and constitutional monarchy were exciting various groups of citizens.
       Again England came to the rescue, this time in the form of the armies of the duke of Wellington. Three successive French invasions of Portugal were defeated and expelled, and Wellington succeeded in carrying the war against Napoleon across the Portuguese frontier into Spain. The presence of the English army, the new French-born liberal ideas, and the political vacuum combined to create revolutionary conditions. The French invasions and the peninsular wars, where Portuguese armed forces played a key role, marked the beginning of a new era in politics.
       Liberalism and Constitutional Monarchy, 1822-1910
       During 1807-22, foreign invasions, war, and civil strife over conflicting political ideas gravely damaged Portugal's commerce, economy, and novice industry. The next terrible blow was the loss of Brazil in 1822, the jewel in the imperial crown. Portugal's very independence seemed to be at risk. In vain, Portugal sought to resist Brazilian independence by force, but in 1825 it formally acknowledged Brazilian independence by treaty.
       Portugal's slow recovery from the destructive French invasions and the "war of independence" was complicated by civil strife over the form of constitutional monarchy that best suited Portugal. After struggles over these issues between 1820 and 1834, Portugal settled somewhat uncertainly into a moderate constitutional monarchy whose constitution (Charter of 1826) lent it strong political powers to exert a moderating influence between the executive and legislative branches of the government. It also featured a new upper middle class based on land ownership and commerce; a Catholic Church that, although still important, lived with reduced privileges and property; a largely African (third) empire to which Lisbon and Oporto devoted increasing spiritual and material resources, starting with the liberal imperial plans of 1836 and 1851, and continuing with the work of institutions like the Lisbon Society of Geography (established 1875); and a mass of rural peasants whose bonds to the land weakened after 1850 and who began to immigrate in increasing numbers to Brazil and North America.
       Chronic military intervention in national politics began in 19th-century Portugal. Such intervention, usually commencing with coups or pronunciamentos (military revolts), was a shortcut to the spoils of political office and could reflect popular discontent as well as the power of personalities. An early example of this was the 1817 golpe (coup) attempt of General Gomes Freire against British military rule in Portugal before the return of King João VI from Brazil. Except for a more stable period from 1851 to 1880, military intervention in politics, or the threat thereof, became a feature of the constitutional monarchy's political life, and it continued into the First Republic and the subsequent Estado Novo.
       Beginning with the Regeneration period (1851-80), Portugal experienced greater political stability and economic progress. Military intervention in politics virtually ceased; industrialization and construction of railroads, roads, and bridges proceeded; two political parties (Regenerators and Historicals) worked out a system of rotation in power; and leading intellectuals sparked a cultural revival in several fields. In 19th-century literature, there was a new golden age led by such figures as Alexandre Herculano (historian), Eça de Queirós (novelist), Almeida Garrett (playwright and essayist), Antero de Quental (poet), and Joaquim Oliveira Martins (historian and social scientist). In its third overseas empire, Portugal attempted to replace the slave trade and slavery with legitimate economic activities; to reform the administration; and to expand Portuguese holdings beyond coastal footholds deep into the African hinterlands in West, West Central, and East Africa. After 1841, to some extent, and especially after 1870, colonial affairs, combined with intense nationalism, pressures for economic profit in Africa, sentiment for national revival, and the drift of European affairs would make or break Lisbon governments.
       Beginning with the political crisis that arose out of the "English Ultimatum" affair of January 1890, the monarchy became discredtted and identified with the poorly functioning government, political parties splintered, and republicanism found more supporters. Portugal participated in the "Scramble for Africa," expanding its African holdings, but failed to annex territory connecting Angola and Mozambique. A growing foreign debt and state bankruptcy as of the early 1890s damaged the constitutional monarchy's reputation, despite the efforts of King Carlos in diplomacy, the renewal of the alliance in the Windsor Treaty of 1899, and the successful if bloody colonial wars in the empire (1880-97). Republicanism proclaimed that Portugal's weak economy and poor society were due to two historic institutions: the monarchy and the Catholic Church. A republic, its stalwarts claimed, would bring greater individual liberty; efficient, if more decentralized government; and a stronger colonial program while stripping the Church of its role in both society and education.
       As the monarchy lost support and republicans became more aggressive, violence increased in politics. King Carlos I and his heir Luís were murdered in Lisbon by anarchist-republicans on 1 February 1908. Following a military and civil insurrection and fighting between monarchist and republican forces, on 5 October 1910, King Manuel II fled Portugal and a republic was proclaimed.
       First Parliamentary Republic, 1910-26
       Portugal's first attempt at republican government was the most unstable, turbulent parliamentary republic in the history of 20th-century Western Europe. During a little under 16 years of the republic, there were 45 governments, a number of legislatures that did not complete normal terms, military coups, and only one president who completed his four-year term in office. Portuguese society was poorly prepared for this political experiment. Among the deadly legacies of the monarchy were a huge public debt; a largely rural, apolitical, and illiterate peasant population; conflict over the causes of the country's misfortunes; and lack of experience with a pluralist, democratic system.
       The republic had some talented leadership but lacked popular, institutional, and economic support. The 1911 republican constitution established only a limited democracy, as only a small portion of the adult male citizenry was eligible to vote. In a country where the majority was Catholic, the republic passed harshly anticlerical laws, and its institutions and supporters persecuted both the Church and its adherents. During its brief disjointed life, the First Republic drafted important reform plans in economic, social, and educational affairs; actively promoted development in the empire; and pursued a liberal, generous foreign policy. Following British requests for Portugal's assistance in World War I, Portugal entered the war on the Allied side in March 1916 and sent armies to Flanders and Portuguese Africa. Portugal's intervention in that conflict, however, was too costly in many respects, and the ultimate failure of the republic in part may be ascribed to Portugal's World War I activities.
       Unfortunately for the republic, its time coincided with new threats to Portugal's African possessions: World War I, social and political demands from various classes that could not be reconciled, excessive military intervention in politics, and, in particular, the worst economic and financial crisis Portugal had experienced since the 16th and 17th centuries. After the original Portuguese Republican Party (PRP, also known as the "Democrats") splintered into three warring groups in 1912, no true multiparty system emerged. The Democrats, except for only one or two elections, held an iron monopoly of electoral power, and political corruption became a major issue. As extreme right-wing dictatorships elsewhere in Europe began to take power in Italy (1922), neighboring Spain (1923), and Greece (1925), what scant popular support remained for the republic collapsed. Backed by a right-wing coalition of landowners from Alentejo, clergy, Coimbra University faculty and students, Catholic organizations, and big business, career military officers led by General Gomes da Costa executed a coup on 28 May 1926, turned out the last republican government, and established a military government.
       The Estado Novo (New State), 1926-74
       During the military phase (1926-32) of the Estado Novo, professional military officers, largely from the army, governed and administered Portugal and held key cabinet posts, but soon discovered that the military possessed no magic formula that could readily solve the problems inherited from the First Republic. Especially during the years 1926-31, the military dictatorship, even with its political repression of republican activities and institutions (military censorship of the press, political police action, and closure of the republic's rowdy parliament), was characterized by similar weaknesses: personalism and factionalism; military coups and political instability, including civil strife and loss of life; state debt and bankruptcy; and a weak economy. "Barracks parliamentarism" was not an acceptable alternative even to the "Nightmare Republic."
       Led by General Óscar Carmona, who had replaced and sent into exile General Gomes da Costa, the military dictatorship turned to a civilian expert in finance and economics to break the budget impasse and bring coherence to the disorganized system. Appointed minister of finance on 27 April 1928, the Coimbra University Law School professor of economics Antônio de Oliveira Salazar (1889-1970) first reformed finance, helped balance the budget, and then turned to other concerns as he garnered extraordinary governing powers. In 1930, he was appointed interim head of another key ministry (Colonies) and within a few years had become, in effect, a civilian dictator who, with the military hierarchy's support, provided the government with coherence, a program, and a set of policies.
       For nearly 40 years after he was appointed the first civilian prime minister in 1932, Salazar's personality dominated the government. Unlike extreme right-wing dictators elsewhere in Europe, Salazar was directly appointed by the army but was never endorsed by a popular political party, street militia, or voter base. The scholarly, reclusive former Coimbra University professor built up what became known after 1932 as the Estado Novo ("New State"), which at the time of its overthrow by another military coup in 1974, was the longest surviving authoritarian regime in Western Europe. The system of Salazar and the largely academic and technocratic ruling group he gathered in his cabinets was based on the central bureaucracy of the state, which was supported by the president of the republic—always a senior career military officer, General Óscar Carmona (1928-51), General Craveiro Lopes (1951-58), and Admiral Américo Tómaz (1958-74)—and the complicity of various institutions. These included a rubber-stamp legislature called the National Assembly (1935-74) and a political police known under various names: PVDE (1932-45), PIDE (1945-69),
       and DGS (1969-74). Other defenders of the Estado Novo security were paramilitary organizations such as the National Republican Guard (GNR); the Portuguese Legion (PL); and the Portuguese Youth [Movement]. In addition to censorship of the media, theater, and books, there was political repression and a deliberate policy of depoliticization. All political parties except for the approved movement of regime loyalists, the União Nacional or (National Union), were banned.
       The most vigorous and more popular period of the New State was 1932-44, when the basic structures were established. Never monolithic or entirely the work of one person (Salazar), the New State was constructed with the assistance of several dozen top associates who were mainly academics from law schools, some technocrats with specialized skills, and a handful of trusted career military officers. The 1933 Constitution declared Portugal to be a "unitary, corporative Republic," and pressures to restore the monarchy were resisted. Although some of the regime's followers were fascists and pseudofascists, many more were conservative Catholics, integralists, nationalists, and monarchists of different varieties, and even some reactionary republicans. If the New State was authoritarian, it was not totalitarian and, unlike fascism in Benito Mussolini's Italy or Adolf Hitler's Germany, it usually employed the minimum of violence necessary to defeat what remained a largely fractious, incoherent opposition.
       With the tumultuous Second Republic and the subsequent civil war in nearby Spain, the regime felt threatened and reinforced its defenses. During what Salazar rightly perceived as a time of foreign policy crisis for Portugal (1936-45), he assumed control of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. From there, he pursued four basic foreign policy objectives: supporting the Nationalist rebels of General Francisco Franco in the Spanish Civil War (1936-39) and concluding defense treaties with a triumphant Franco; ensuring that General Franco in an exhausted Spain did not enter World War II on the Axis side; maintaining Portuguese neutrality in World War II with a post-1942 tilt toward the Allies, including granting Britain and the United States use of bases in the Azores Islands; and preserving and protecting Portugal's Atlantic Islands and its extensive, if poor, overseas empire in Africa and Asia.
       During the middle years of the New State (1944-58), many key Salazar associates in government either died or resigned, and there was greater social unrest in the form of unprecedented strikes and clandestine Communist activities, intensified opposition, and new threatening international pressures on Portugal's overseas empire. During the earlier phase of the Cold War (1947-60), Portugal became a steadfast, if weak, member of the US-dominated North Atlantic Treaty Organization alliance and, in 1955, with American support, Portugal joined the United Nations (UN). Colonial affairs remained a central concern of the regime. As of 1939, Portugal was the third largest colonial power in the world and possessed territories in tropical Africa (Angola, Mozambique, Guinea-Bissau, and São Tomé and Príncipe Islands) and the remnants of its 16th-century empire in Asia (Goa, Damão, Diu, East Timor, and Macau). Beginning in the early 1950s, following the independence of India in 1947, Portugal resisted Indian pressures to decolonize Portuguese India and used police forces to discourage internal opposition in its Asian and African colonies.
       The later years of the New State (1958-68) witnessed the aging of the increasingly isolated but feared Salazar and new threats both at home and overseas. Although the regime easily overcame the brief oppositionist threat from rival presidential candidate General Humberto Delgado in the spring of 1958, new developments in the African and Asian empires imperiled the authoritarian system. In February 1961, oppositionists hijacked the Portuguese ocean liner Santa Maria and, in following weeks, African insurgents in northern Angola, although they failed to expel the Portuguese, gained worldwide media attention, discredited the New State, and began the 13-year colonial war. After thwarting a dissident military coup against his continued leadership, Salazar and his ruling group mobilized military repression in Angola and attempted to develop the African colonies at a faster pace in order to ensure Portuguese control. Meanwhile, the other European colonial powers (Britain, France, Belgium, and Spain) rapidly granted political independence to their African territories.
       At the time of Salazar's removal from power in September 1968, following a stroke, Portugal's efforts to maintain control over its colonies appeared to be successful. President Americo Tomás appointed Dr. Marcello Caetano as Salazar's successor as prime minister. While maintaining the New State's basic structures, and continuing the regime's essential colonial policy, Caetano attempted wider reforms in colonial administration and some devolution of power from Lisbon, as well as more freedom of expression in Lisbon. Still, a great deal of the budget was devoted to supporting the wars against the insurgencies in Africa. Meanwhile in Asia, Portuguese India had fallen when the Indian army invaded in December 1961. The loss of Goa was a psychological blow to the leadership of the New State, and of the Asian empire only East Timor and Macau remained.
       The Caetano years (1968-74) were but a hiatus between the waning Salazar era and a new regime. There was greater political freedom and rapid economic growth (5-6 percent annually to late 1973), but Caetano's government was unable to reform the old system thoroughly and refused to consider new methods either at home or in the empire. In the end, regime change came from junior officers of the professional military who organized the Armed Forces Movement (MFA) against the Caetano government. It was this group of several hundred officers, mainly in the army and navy, which engineered a largely bloodless coup in Lisbon on 25 April 1974. Their unexpected action brought down the 48-year-old New State and made possible the eventual establishment and consolidation of democratic governance in Portugal, as well as a reorientation of the country away from the Atlantic toward Europe.
       Revolution of Carnations, 1974-76
       Following successful military operations of the Armed Forces Movement against the Caetano government, Portugal experienced what became known as the "Revolution of Carnations." It so happened that during the rainy week of the military golpe, Lisbon flower shops were featuring carnations, and the revolutionaries and their supporters adopted the red carnation as the common symbol of the event, as well as of the new freedom from dictatorship. The MFA, whose leaders at first were mostly little-known majors and captains, proclaimed a three-fold program of change for the new Portugal: democracy; decolonization of the overseas empire, after ending the colonial wars; and developing a backward economy in the spirit of opportunity and equality. During the first 24 months after the coup, there was civil strife, some anarchy, and a power struggle. With the passing of the Estado Novo, public euphoria burst forth as the new provisional military government proclaimed the freedoms of speech, press, and assembly, and abolished censorship, the political police, the Portuguese Legion, Portuguese Youth, and other New State organizations, including the National Union. Scores of political parties were born and joined the senior political party, the Portuguese Community Party (PCP), and the Socialist Party (PS), founded shortly before the coup.
       Portugal's Revolution of Carnations went through several phases. There was an attempt to take control by radical leftists, including the PCP and its allies. This was thwarted by moderate officers in the army, as well as by the efforts of two political parties: the PS and the Social Democrats (PPD, later PSD). The first phase was from April to September 1974. Provisional president General Antonio Spínola, whose 1974 book Portugal and the Future had helped prepare public opinion for the coup, met irresistible leftist pressures. After Spinola's efforts to avoid rapid decolonization of the African empire failed, he resigned in September 1974. During the second phase, from September 1974 to March 1975, radical military officers gained control, but a coup attempt by General Spínola and his supporters in Lisbon in March 1975 failed and Spínola fled to Spain.
       In the third phase of the Revolution, March-November 1975, a strong leftist reaction followed. Farm workers occupied and "nationalized" 1.1 million hectares of farmland in the Alentejo province, and radical military officers in the provisional government ordered the nationalization of Portuguese banks (foreign banks were exempted), utilities, and major industries, or about 60 percent of the economic system. There were power struggles among various political parties — a total of 50 emerged—and in the streets there was civil strife among labor, military, and law enforcement groups. A constituent assembly, elected on 25 April 1975, in Portugal's first free elections since 1926, drafted a democratic constitution. The Council of the Revolution (CR), briefly a revolutionary military watchdog committee, was entrenched as part of the government under the constitution, until a later revision. During the chaotic year of 1975, about 30 persons were killed in political frays while unstable provisional governments came and went. On 25 November 1975, moderate military forces led by Colonel Ramalho Eanes, who later was twice elected president of the republic (1976 and 1981), defeated radical, leftist military groups' revolutionary conspiracies.
       In the meantime, Portugal's scattered overseas empire experienced a precipitous and unprepared decolonization. One by one, the former colonies were granted and accepted independence—Guinea-Bissau (September 1974), Cape Verde Islands (July 1975), and Mozambique (July 1975). Portugal offered to turn over Macau to the People's Republic of China, but the offer was refused then and later negotiations led to the establishment of a formal decolonization or hand-over date of 1999. But in two former colonies, the process of decolonization had tragic results.
       In Angola, decolonization negotiations were greatly complicated by the fact that there were three rival nationalist movements in a struggle for power. The January 1975 Alvor Agreement signed by Portugal and these three parties was not effectively implemented. A bloody civil war broke out in Angola in the spring of 1975 and, when Portuguese armed forces withdrew and declared that Angola was independent on 11 November 1975, the bloodshed only increased. Meanwhile, most of the white Portuguese settlers from Angola and Mozambique fled during the course of 1975. Together with African refugees, more than 600,000 of these retornados ("returned ones") went by ship and air to Portugal and thousands more to Namibia, South Africa, Brazil, Canada, and the United States.
       The second major decolonization disaster was in Portugal's colony of East Timor in the Indonesian archipelago. Portugal's capacity to supervise and control a peaceful transition to independence in this isolated, neglected colony was limited by the strength of giant Indonesia, distance from Lisbon, and Portugal's revolutionary disorder and inability to defend Timor. In early December 1975, before Portugal granted formal independence and as one party, FRETILIN, unilaterally declared East Timor's independence, Indonesia's armed forces invaded, conquered, and annexed East Timor. Indonesian occupation encountered East Timorese resistance, and a heavy loss of life followed. The East Timor question remained a contentious international issue in the UN, as well as in Lisbon and Jakarta, for more than 20 years following Indonesia's invasion and annexation of the former colony of Portugal. Major changes occurred, beginning in 1998, after Indonesia underwent a political revolution and allowed a referendum in East Timor to decide that territory's political future in August 1999. Most East Timorese chose independence, but Indonesian forces resisted that verdict until
       UN intervention in September 1999. Following UN rule for several years, East Timor attained full independence on 20 May 2002.
       Consolidation of Democracy, 1976-2000
       After several free elections and record voter turnouts between 25 April 1975 and June 1976, civil war was averted and Portugal's second democratic republic began to stabilize. The MFA was dissolved, the military were returned to the barracks, and increasingly elected civilians took over the government of the country. The 1976 Constitution was revised several times beginning in 1982 and 1989, in order to reempha-size the principle of free enterprise in the economy while much of the large, nationalized sector was privatized. In June 1976, General Ram-alho Eanes was elected the first constitutional president of the republic (five-year term), and he appointed socialist leader Dr. Mário Soares as prime minister of the first constitutional government.
       From 1976 to 1985, Portugal's new system featured a weak economy and finances, labor unrest, and administrative and political instability. The difficult consolidation of democratic governance was eased in part by the strong currency and gold reserves inherited from the Estado Novo, but Lisbon seemed unable to cope with high unemployment, new debt, the complex impact of the refugees from Africa, world recession, and the agitation of political parties. Four major parties emerged from the maelstrom of 1974-75, except for the Communist Party, all newly founded. They were, from left to right, the Communists (PCP); the Socialists (PS), who managed to dominate governments and the legislature but not win a majority in the Assembly of the Republic; the Social Democrats (PSD); and the Christian Democrats (CDS). During this period, the annual growth rate was low (l-2 percent), and the nationalized sector of the economy stagnated.
       Enhanced economic growth, greater political stability, and more effective central government as of 1985, and especially 1987, were due to several developments. In 1977, Portugal applied for membership in the European Economic Community (EEC), now the European Union (EU) since 1993. In January 1986, with Spain, Portugal was granted membership, and economic and financial progress in the intervening years has been significantly influenced by the comparatively large investment, loans, technology, advice, and other assistance from the EEC. Low unemployment, high annual growth rates (5 percent), and moderate inflation have also been induced by the new political and administrative stability in Lisbon. Led by Prime Minister Cavaco Silva, an economist who was trained abroad, the PSD's strong organization, management, and electoral support since 1985 have assisted in encouraging economic recovery and development. In 1985, the PSD turned the PS out of office and won the general election, although they did not have an absolute majority of assembly seats. In 1986, Mário Soares was elected president of the republic, the first civilian to hold that office since the First Republic. In the elections of 1987 and 1991, however, the PSD was returned to power with clear majorities of over 50 percent of the vote.
       Although the PSD received 50.4 percent of the vote in the 1991 parliamentary elections and held a 42-seat majority in the Assembly of the Republic, the party began to lose public support following media revelations regarding corruption and complaints about Prime Minister Cavaco Silva's perceived arrogant leadership style. President Mário Soares voiced criticism of the PSD's seemingly untouchable majority and described a "tyranny of the majority." Economic growth slowed down. In the parliamentary elections of 1995 and the presidential election of 1996, the PSD's dominance ended for the time being. Prime Minister Antônio Guterres came to office when the PS won the October 1995 elections, and in the subsequent presidential contest, in January 1996, socialist Jorge Sampaio, the former mayor of Lisbon, was elected president of the republic, thus defeating Cavaco Silva's bid. Young and popular, Guterres moved the PS toward the center of the political spectrum. Under Guterres, the PS won the October 1999 parliamentary elections. The PS defeated the PSD but did not manage to win a clear, working majority of seats, and this made the PS dependent upon alliances with smaller parties, including the PCP.
       In the local elections in December 2001, the PSD's criticism of PS's heavy public spending allowed the PSD to take control of the key cities of Lisbon, Oporto, and Coimbra. Guterres resigned, and parliamentary elections were brought forward from 2004 to March 2002. The PSD won a narrow victory with 40 percent of the votes, and Jose Durão Barroso became prime minister. Having failed to win a majority of the seats in parliament forced the PSD to govern in coalition with the right-wing Popular Party (PP) led by Paulo Portas. Durão Barroso set about reducing government spending by cutting the budgets of local authorities, freezing civil service hiring, and reviving the economy by accelerating privatization of state-owned enterprises. These measures provoked a 24-hour strike by public-sector workers. Durão Barroso reacted with vows to press ahead with budget-cutting measures and imposed a wage freeze on all employees earning more than €1,000, which affected more than one-half of Portugal's work force.
       In June 2004, Durão Barroso was invited by Romano Prodi to succeed him as president of the European Commission. Durão Barroso accepted and resigned the prime ministership in July. Pedro Santana Lopes, the leader of the PSD, became prime minister. Already unpopular at the time of Durão Barroso's resignation, the PSD-led government became increasingly unpopular under Santana Lopes. A month-long delay in the start of the school year and confusion over his plan to cut taxes and raise public-sector salaries, eroded confidence even more. By November, Santana Lopes's government was so unpopular that President Jorge Sampaio was obliged to dissolve parliament and hold new elections, two years ahead of schedule.
       Parliamentary elections were held on 20 February 2005. The PS, which had promised the electorate disciplined and transparent governance, educational reform, the alleviation of poverty, and a boost in employment, won 45 percent of the vote and the majority of the seats in parliament. The leader of the PS, José Sôcrates became prime minister on 12 March 2005. In the regularly scheduled presidential elections held on 6 January 2006, the former leader of the PSD and prime minister, Aníbal Cavaco Silva, won a narrow victory and became president on 9 March 2006. With a mass protest, public teachers' strike, and street demonstrations in March 2008, Portugal's media, educational, and social systems experienced more severe pressures. With the spreading global recession beginning in September 2008, Portugal's economic and financial systems became more troubled.
       Owing to its geographic location on the southwestern most edge of continental Europe, Portugal has been historically in but not of Europe. Almost from the beginning of its existence in the 12th century as an independent monarchy, Portugal turned its back on Europe and oriented itself toward the Atlantic Ocean. After carving out a Christian kingdom on the western portion of the Iberian peninsula, Portuguese kings gradually built and maintained a vast seaborne global empire that became central to the way Portugal understood its individuality as a nation-state. While the creation of this empire allows Portugal to claim an unusual number of "firsts" or distinctions in world and Western history, it also retarded Portugal's economic, social, and political development. It can be reasonably argued that the Revolution of 25 April 1974 was the most decisive event in Portugal's long history because it finally ended Portugal's oceanic mission and view of itself as an imperial power. After the 1974 Revolution, Portugal turned away from its global mission and vigorously reoriented itself toward Europe. Contemporary Portugal is now both in and of Europe.
       The turn toward Europe began immediately after 25 April 1974. Portugal granted independence to its African colonies in 1975. It was admitted to the European Council and took the first steps toward accession to the European Economic Community (EEC) in 1976. On 28 March 1977, the Portuguese government officially applied for EEC membership. Because of Portugal's economic and social backwardness, which would require vast sums of EEC money to overcome, negotiations for membership were long and difficult. Finally, a treaty of accession was signed on 12 June 1985. Portugal officially joined the EEC (the European Union [EU] since 1993) on 1 January 1986. Since becoming a full-fledged member of the EU, Portugal has been steadily overcoming the economic and social underdevelopment caused by its imperial past and is becoming more like the rest of Europe.
       Membership in the EU has speeded up the structural transformation of Portugal's economy, which actually began during the Estado Novo. Investments made by the Estado Novo in Portugal's economy began to shift employment out of the agricultural sector, which, in 1950, accounted for 50 percent of Portugal's economically active population. Today, only 10 percent of the economically active population is employed in the agricultural sector (the highest among EU member states); 30 percent in the industrial sector (also the highest among EU member states); and 60 percent in the service sector (the lowest among EU member states). The economically active population numbers about 5,000,000 employed, 56 percent of whom are women. Women workers are the majority of the workforce in the agricultural and service sectors (the highest among the EU member states). The expansion of the service sector has been primarily in health care and education. Portugal has had the lowest unemployment rates among EU member states, with the overall rate never being more than 10 percent of the active population. Since joining the EU, the number of employers increased from 2.6 percent to 5.8 percent of the active population; self-employed from 16 to 19 percent; and employees from 65 to 70 percent. Twenty-six percent of the employers are women. Unemployment tends to hit younger workers in industry and transportation, women employed in domestic service, workers on short-term contracts, and poorly educated workers. Salaried workers earn only 63 percent of the EU average, and hourly workers only one-third to one-half of that earned by their EU counterparts. Despite having had the second highest growth of gross national product (GNP) per inhabitant (after Ireland) among EU member states, the above data suggest that while much has been accomplished in terms of modernizing the Portuguese economy, much remains to be done to bring Portugal's economy up to the level of the "average" EU member state.
       Membership in the EU has also speeded up changes in Portuguese society. Over the last 30 years, coastalization and urbanization have intensified. Fully 50 percent of Portuguese live in the coastal urban conurbations of Lisbon, Oporto, Braga, Aveiro, Coimbra, Viseu, Évora, and Faro. The Portuguese population is one of the oldest among EU member states (17.3 percent are 65 years of age or older) thanks to a considerable increase in life expectancy at birth (77.87 years for the total population, 74.6 years for men, 81.36 years for women) and one of the lowest birthrates (10.59 births/1,000) in Europe. Family size averages 2.8 persons per household, with the strict nuclear family (one or two generations) in which both parents work being typical. Common law marriages, cohabitating couples, and single-parent households are more and more common. The divorce rate has also increased. "Youth Culture" has developed. The young have their own meeting places, leisure-time activities, and nightlife (bars, clubs, and discos).
       All Portuguese citizens, whether they have contributed or not, have a right to an old-age pension, invalidity benefits, widowed persons' pension, as well as payments for disabilities, children, unemployment, and large families. There is a national minimum wage (€385 per month), which is low by EU standards. The rapid aging of Portugal's population has changed the ratio of contributors to pensioners to 1.7, the lowest in the EU. This has created deficits in Portugal's social security fund.
       The adult literacy rate is about 92 percent. Illiteracy is still found among the elderly. Although universal compulsory education up to grade 9 was achieved in 1980, only 21.2 percent of the population aged 25-64 had undergone secondary education, compared to an EU average of 65.7 percent. Portugal's higher education system currently consists of 14 state universities and 14 private universities, 15 state polytechnic institutions, one Catholic university, and one military academy. All in all, Portugal spends a greater percentage of its state budget on education than most EU member states. Despite this high level of expenditure, the troubled Portuguese education system does not perform well. Early leaving and repetition rates are among the highest among EU member states.
       After the Revolution of 25 April 1974, Portugal created a National Health Service, which today consists of 221 hospitals and 512 medical centers employing 33,751 doctors and 41,799 nurses. Like its education system, Portugal's medical system is inefficient. There are long waiting lists for appointments with specialists and for surgical procedures.
       Structural changes in Portugal's economy and society mean that social life in Portugal is not too different from that in other EU member states. A mass consumption society has been created. Televisions, telephones, refrigerators, cars, music equipment, mobile phones, and personal computers are commonplace. Sixty percent of Portuguese households possess at least one automobile, and 65 percent of Portuguese own their own home. Portuguese citizens are more aware of their legal rights than ever before. This has resulted in a trebling of the number of legal proceeding since 1960 and an eight-fold increase in the number of lawyers. In general, Portuguese society has become more permissive and secular; the Catholic Church and the armed forces are much less influential than in the past. Portugal's population is also much more culturally, religiously, and ethnically diverse, a consequence of the coming to Portugal of hundreds of thousands of immigrants, mainly from former African colonies.
       Portuguese are becoming more cosmopolitan and sophisticated through the impact of world media, the Internet, and the World Wide Web. A prime case in point came in the summer and early fall of 1999, with the extraordinary events in East Timor and the massive Portuguese popular responses. An internationally monitored referendum in East Timor, Portugal's former colony in the Indonesian archipelago and under Indonesian occupation from late 1975 to summer 1999, resulted in a vote of 78.5 percent for rejecting integration with Indonesia and for independence. When Indonesian prointegration gangs, aided by the Indonesian military, responded to the referendum with widespread brutality and threatened to reverse the verdict of the referendum, there was a spontaneous popular outpouring of protest in the cities and towns of Portugal. An avalanche of Portuguese e-mail fell on leaders and groups in the UN and in certain countries around the world as Portugal's diplomats, perhaps to compensate for the weak initial response to Indonesian armed aggression in 1975, called for the protection of East Timor as an independent state and for UN intervention to thwart Indonesian action. Using global communications networks, the Portuguese were able to mobilize UN and world public opinion against Indonesian actions and aided the eventual independence of East Timor on 20 May 2002.
       From the Revolution of 25 April 1974 until the 1990s, Portugal had a large number of political parties, one of the largest Communist parties in western Europe, frequent elections, and endemic cabinet instability. Since the 1990s, the number of political parties has been dramatically reduced and cabinet stability increased. Gradually, the Portuguese electorate has concentrated around two larger parties, the right-of-center Social Democrats (PSD) and the left-of-center Socialist (PS). In the 1980s, these two parties together garnered 65 percent of the vote and 70 percent of the seats in parliament. In 2005, these percentages had risen to 74 percent and 85 percent, respectively. In effect, Portugal is currently a two-party dominant system in which the two largest parties — PS and PSD—alternate in and out of power, not unlike the rotation of the two main political parties (the Regenerators and the Historicals) during the last decades (1850s to 1880s) of the liberal constitutional monarchy. As Portugal's democracy has consolidated, turnout rates for the eligible electorate have declined. In the 1970s, turnout was 85 percent. In Portugal's most recent parliamentary election (2005), turnout had fallen to 65 percent of the eligible electorate.
       Portugal has benefited greatly from membership in the EU, and whatever doubts remain about the price paid for membership, no Portuguese government in the near future can afford to sever this connection. The vast majority of Portuguese citizens see membership in the EU as a "good thing" and strongly believe that Portugal has benefited from membership. Only the Communist Party opposed membership because it reduces national sovereignty, serves the interests of capitalists not workers, and suffers from a democratic deficit. Despite the high level of support for the EU, Portuguese voters are increasingly not voting in elections for the European Parliament, however. Turnout for European Parliament elections fell from 40 percent of the eligible electorate in the 1999 elections to 38 percent in the 2004 elections.
       In sum, Portugal's turn toward Europe has done much to overcome its backwardness. However, despite the economic, social, and political progress made since 1986, Portugal has a long way to go before it can claim to be on a par with the level found even in Spain, much less the rest of western Europe. As Portugal struggles to move from underde-velopment, especially in the rural areas away from the coast, it must keep in mind the perils of too rapid modern development, which could damage two of its most precious assets: its scenery and environment. The growth and future prosperity of the economy will depend on the degree to which the government and the private sector will remain stewards of clean air, soil, water, and other finite resources on which the tourism industry depends and on which Portugal's world image as a unique place to visit rests. Currently, Portugal is investing heavily in renewable energy from solar, wind, and wave power in order to account for about 50 percent of its electricity needs by 2010. Portugal opened the world's largest solar power plant and the world's first commercial wave power farm in 2006.
       An American documentary film on Portugal produced in the 1970s described this little country as having "a Past in Search of a Future." In the years after the Revolution of 25 April 1974, it could be said that Portugal is now living in "a Present in Search of a Future." Increasingly, that future lies in Europe as an active and productive member of the EU.

    Historical dictionary of Portugal > Historical Portugal

  • 6 bulto

    m.
    1 bulk, size.
    hacer mucho bulto to take up a lot of space
    un error de bulto a glaring error
    2 bump.
    me ha salido un bulto en el brazo I've got a lump on my arm
    3 blurred shape.
    4 package.
    ¿dónde puedo dejar mis bultos? where can I put my luggage o bags?
    bulto de mano piece o item of hand luggage
    5 bulge, bulging, knob, protrusion.
    6 swelling, inflammation.
    * * *
    1 (tamaño) volume, size, bulk
    2 (forma) shape, form
    4 (equipaje) piece of luggage, item of luggage; (fardo) bundle; (paquete) package
    \
    a bulto roughly
    de bulto serious, important
    hacer bulto to take up space
    * * *
    noun m.
    2) pack, bundle
    4) lump
    * * *
    SM
    1) (=abultamiento) bulge
    - buscar el bulto a algn
    - menear el bulto a algn
    2) (=silueta) shape

    • ir al bulto — (Taur) to go for the body; (Ftbl) to go for the man

    3) (=volumen) space, room

    no ocupa o hace bulto — it doesn't take up any space o room

    • error de bulto — glaring error

    • de mucho bulto — (lit) bulky; (fig) important

    • de poco bulto — (lit) small; (fig) unimportant

    así, a bulto, debe de haber unas mil botellas — at a rough guess there must be about a thousand bottles

    calcular algo a bulto — to work sth out roughly, make a rough estimate of sth

    decir algo a bulto —

    no hay que hacer nada, solo ir de bulto — we don't have to do anything, we just have to be there o to go along

    4) (=paquete) [de compra] bag; [de ropa, papel] bundle; [de equipaje] piece of luggage o (EEUU) baggage

    pon los bultos en el maletero — put the luggage in the boot, put the baggage in the trunk (EEUU)

    5) (Med) (=quiste) lump; (=chichón) bump
    6) (=estatua) statue
    7) (Mil) ** squaddie *, recruit
    8) Ven [de escolar] satchel, bag
    * * *
    1)
    a) (cuerpo, forma)

    escurrir el bulto — (fam) ( en el trabajo) to duck out; ( en entrevista) to dodge the issue

    b) ( volumen) bulk

    a bulto — (fam)

    así, a bulto, yo diría unas 500 personas — at a guess, I'd say about 500 people

    2) (Med) lump
    3)
    a) (paquete, bolsa) piece of luggage

    bulto de mano — piece o item of hand baggage o luggage

    b) (Col) ( saco) sack

    llevar del bulto — (Col fam)

    ¿cómo andas? - llevado del bulto — how are you? - I'm having a bit of a rough time of it (colloq)

    * * *
    = lump, bulge, hump, bump.
    Ex. But the leaven of the principles, promulgated by the International Federation, has not yet penetrated into more than half the lump of documentary material.
    Ex. Under these circumstances it becomes difficult to maintain a classified sequence in good order, and there will be gaps and ' bulges' which will involve moving the overall sequence around on the shelves.
    Ex. Indeed it is normally possible to see with a raking light which was the mould side of the sheet, for it shows a pattern of both chain and wire indentations, while the other side (the felt side) is more or less flat, or shows wire humps only.
    Ex. Leishmaniasis includes disorders that affect internal organs and those that affect the skin and sometimes mucous membranes of the nose and mouth, causing bumps or sores.
    ----
    * bulto de grasa = fat lump.
    * con bultos = lumpiness.
    * escabullir el bulto = shirk + responsibility, pass + the buck.
    * escurrir el bulto = pass + the buck, weasel (on/out of), duck out.
    * hacer bulto = bulge.
    * * *
    1)
    a) (cuerpo, forma)

    escurrir el bulto — (fam) ( en el trabajo) to duck out; ( en entrevista) to dodge the issue

    b) ( volumen) bulk

    a bulto — (fam)

    así, a bulto, yo diría unas 500 personas — at a guess, I'd say about 500 people

    2) (Med) lump
    3)
    a) (paquete, bolsa) piece of luggage

    bulto de mano — piece o item of hand baggage o luggage

    b) (Col) ( saco) sack

    llevar del bulto — (Col fam)

    ¿cómo andas? - llevado del bulto — how are you? - I'm having a bit of a rough time of it (colloq)

    * * *
    = lump, bulge, hump, bump.

    Ex: But the leaven of the principles, promulgated by the International Federation, has not yet penetrated into more than half the lump of documentary material.

    Ex: Under these circumstances it becomes difficult to maintain a classified sequence in good order, and there will be gaps and ' bulges' which will involve moving the overall sequence around on the shelves.
    Ex: Indeed it is normally possible to see with a raking light which was the mould side of the sheet, for it shows a pattern of both chain and wire indentations, while the other side (the felt side) is more or less flat, or shows wire humps only.
    Ex: Leishmaniasis includes disorders that affect internal organs and those that affect the skin and sometimes mucous membranes of the nose and mouth, causing bumps or sores.
    * bulto de grasa = fat lump.
    * con bultos = lumpiness.
    * escabullir el bulto = shirk + responsibility, pass + the buck.
    * escurrir el bulto = pass + the buck, weasel (on/out of), duck out.
    * hacer bulto = bulge.

    * * *
    A
    1
    (cuerpo, forma): a lo lejos vi un bulto que se movía I saw a shape moving in the distance
    sólo distingo bultos I can only make out vague shapes
    un toro que va al bulto a bull that goes straight for the body
    se le notaba el bulto de la pistola debajo de la chaqueta you could see the bulge o form of the gun under his jacket
    2 (volumen) bulk
    cosas ligeras y de poco bulto light things that don't take up too much space o that aren't too bulky
    no pesa pero hace mucho bulto it isn't heavy but it takes up a lot of space o it's very bulky
    errores de bulto glaring errors
    a bulto ( fam): no sé las cantidades, siempre lo echo todo a bulto I don't know the quantities, I just guess
    así, a bulto, yo diría que hay unas 500 personas at a guess o off the top of my head, I'd say there are about 500 people
    cuanto or a menos bulto más claridad: déjalo que se vaya, cuanto menos bulto más claridad let him go, the fewer, the better
    tiremos todo esto, cuanto menos bulto más claridad let's throw all this out, it's just getting in the way o then we may be able to see what we're doing
    hacer bulto to swell the numbers
    B ( Med) lump
    C
    1
    (paquete, bolsa): ¿cuántos bultos llevas? how many pieces of luggage do you have?
    bulto de mano piece o item of hand baggage o luggage
    salió de la tienda cargada de bultos she came out of the shop laden with packages ( o bags etc)
    2 ( Col) (saco) sack
    escurrir el bulto ( fam): en cuanto hay que arrimar el hombro, escurre el bulto when we/they have to get down to some work he ducks out ( colloq)
    cuando se lo preguntamos trató de escurrir el bulto when we asked her about it she tried to dodge the issue
    llevar del bulto ( Col fam): siempre nos toca llevar del bulto we always get the worst of things o get a raw deal
    ¿cómo anda? — llevado del bulto how are you? — I'm having a bit of a rough time of it ( colloq)
    D (estatua) statue
    * * *

     

    bulto sustantivo masculino
    1
    a) (cuerpo, forma) shape;


    escurrir el bulto (fam) ( en el trabajo) to duck out;

    ( en entrevista) to dodge the issue
    b) ( volumen):

    ◊ hace mucho/poco bulto it is/isn't very bulky

    2 (Med) lump
    3
    a) (maleta, bolsa) piece of luggage;

    ◊ bulto de mano piece o item of hand baggage o luggage;

    cargada de bultos laden with packages (o bags etc)
    b) (Col, Méx) ( saco) sack

    bulto sustantivo masculino
    1 (volumen, objeto indeterminado) shape, form
    2 (equipaje) piece of luggage
    3 Med lump
    ♦ Locuciones: familiar escurrir el bulto, to pass the buck
    un error de bulto, a big mistake
    ' bulto' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    escurrir
    - abultar
    - agrandar
    - cargar
    - cuesta
    - envoltorio
    - levantar
    - paquete
    - tambache
    English:
    bulge
    - bundle
    - growth
    - hand-luggage
    - hefty
    - lump
    - manhandle
    - package
    - pass
    - shape
    - bump
    - knob
    - skive off
    * * *
    ♦ nm
    1. [volumen] bulk, size;
    hacer mucho bulto to take up a lot of space;
    de bulto: un error de bulto a glaring error
    hacer bulto to make up the numbers;
    viene a hacer bulto he's just here to make up the numbers
    2. [abombamiento] [en rodilla, superficie] bump;
    [en maleta, bolsillo] bulge;
    me ha salido un bulto en el brazo I've got a lump on my arm
    3. [forma imprecisa] blurred shape;
    dos bultos se movían en la oscuridad two shapes were moving in the darkness
    4. [paquete] package;
    [maleta] item of luggage; [fardo] bundle;
    ¿dónde puedo dejar mis bultos? where can I put my luggage o bags?;
    un bulto sospechoso obligó a evacuar el edificio a suspicious package forced them to evacuate the building
    bulto de mano piece o item of hand luggage
    5.
    bulto (redondo) [estatua] statue
    6. CAm, Col, Méx, Ven [cartapacio] briefcase, satchel
    7. Méx Fam
    de bulto: esas cajas sólo están de bulto [de sobra] those boxes are just taking up space
    ♦ a bulto loc adv
    approximately, roughly;
    hacer un cálculo a bulto to make a rough estimate
    * * *
    m
    1 ( paquete) package;
    escurrir el bulto fam duck out fam
    2 MED lump
    3 en superficie bulge
    4 ( silueta) (vague) shape
    5 ( pieza de equipaje) piece of baggage;
    bultos pl baggage sg, Br tb luggage sg ;
    bultos de mano hand baggage sg, Br tb hand luggage sg
    6 ( volumen)
    :
    hacer bulto swell the numbers;
    de bulto error glaring;
    a bulto roughly, at a guess
    * * *
    bulto nm
    1) : package, bundle
    2) : piece of luggage, bag
    3) : size, bulk, volume
    4) : form, shape
    5) : lump (on the body), swelling, bulge
    * * *
    2. (cuerpo, objeto) shape
    no lo veo bien, sólo distingo un bulto I can't see it clearly, I can just make out a shape
    3. (maleta) item of luggage

    Spanish-English dictionary > bulto

  • 7 fracasar

    v.
    1 to fail (intento, persona).
    El chico fracasó The boy failed.
    2 to be unsuccessful, to fail to accomplish anything, to draw a blank.
    El chico fracasó The boy failed.
    El detective fracasó The detective failed to accomplish anything.
    El proyecto fracasó The project failed.
    Me fracasó el muchacho My boy failed.
    * * *
    1 to fail, be unsuccessful, fall through
    * * *
    verb
    * * *
    1.
    VT LAm to mess up, make a mess of
    2.
    VI [gen] to fail, be unsuccessful; [plan] to fail, fall through
    * * *
    verbo intransitivo to fail
    * * *
    = flounder, fail, misfire, founder, be unsuccessful, bite + the dust, backfire, go under, give up + the ghost, meet with + failure, flop, fall + apart, come + unstuck, fall + flat, go + pear-shaped, fizzle, go out + the window, come + a cropper, fall through, go + kaput, go + haywire, be up the spout.
    Ex. I have noticed in many walks of life, people doing jobs, paid or unpaid, in which they are floundering because they do not have what I might call a job description.
    Ex. This article suggests the steps that libraries might take during periods of instability to reduce their chances of being injured by a vendor that fails.
    Ex. While project ALBIS was seen as an exercise in networking that misfired it did produce some positive results = Aunque se consideraba que el proyecto ALBIS fue un intento de cooperación en red que fracasó, no obstante produjo algunos resultados positivos.
    Ex. It is that, without direction, the library craft may founder in the perpetual whitewater.
    Ex. Alex Wilson sides with the librarians who say 'concentrate your book service first and foremost on existing users because expenditure on attracting those with a low motivation is much more costly and likely to be mostly unsuccessful'.
    Ex. The article 'Interchange bites the dust' comments on the decision by AT&T to abandon the Interchange online service technology.
    Ex. While this direct contact can backfire if the person is not knowledgeable about the product, it is also a golden opportunity to respond directly to customer questions and unique needs.
    Ex. Many of them are likely to go under in the next wave of economic recession.
    Ex. This article examines one such example, Cherrie Moraga's ' Giving Up the Ghost' where, for the first time, the issue of Chicana lesbian sexuality is addressed on the stage.
    Ex. However, many attempts to actively involve the community in reducing its risks of becoming ill have met with failure.
    Ex. This opera flopped at its premiere in 1819.
    Ex. Most of the packaging for cassettes provided by commercial vendors that are known nationwide is lousy, falls apart, looks bad, and so on.
    Ex. Bright people will always manage towork out the technology but it is the higher-level issues and processes that usually cause a project to come unstuck.
    Ex. The performance nevertheless falls flat due to the singers' failure to create true exhilaration.
    Ex. The test on the new machines went pear-shaped: nothing really worked properly and they had to install everything again.
    Ex. Sure we can, but minus the original moment of sizzle, our excellent choice might very well fizzle.
    Ex. The lack of centralisation means that good management goes out the window and everything gets sloppier.
    Ex. He had years of experience and common sense and to the best of my knowledge never came a cropper.
    Ex. The sale fell through recently, after the buyer was unable to come up with the money.
    Ex. With oil at $76 a barrel, it won't be long until it all goes kaput!.
    Ex. They left a trail of destruction in the wake of a plan gone haywire.
    Ex. Their email system has been up the spout since Saturday preventing the staff from communicating everyday matters and causing extensive housekeeping delays.
    ----
    * esfuerzo + fracasar = effort + founder.
    * fracasar de manera lamentable = fail + miserably, fail + dismally.
    * fracasar estrepitosamente = fall + flat on + Posesivo + face.
    * fracasar miserablemente = fail + dismally, fail + miserably, come + a cropper.
    * hacer fracasar = foil, derail.
    * planes + fracasar = plan + fall through.
    * prosperar o fracasar = sink or swim.
    * * *
    verbo intransitivo to fail
    * * *
    = flounder, fail, misfire, founder, be unsuccessful, bite + the dust, backfire, go under, give up + the ghost, meet with + failure, flop, fall + apart, come + unstuck, fall + flat, go + pear-shaped, fizzle, go out + the window, come + a cropper, fall through, go + kaput, go + haywire, be up the spout.

    Ex: I have noticed in many walks of life, people doing jobs, paid or unpaid, in which they are floundering because they do not have what I might call a job description.

    Ex: This article suggests the steps that libraries might take during periods of instability to reduce their chances of being injured by a vendor that fails.
    Ex: While project ALBIS was seen as an exercise in networking that misfired it did produce some positive results = Aunque se consideraba que el proyecto ALBIS fue un intento de cooperación en red que fracasó, no obstante produjo algunos resultados positivos.
    Ex: It is that, without direction, the library craft may founder in the perpetual whitewater.
    Ex: Alex Wilson sides with the librarians who say 'concentrate your book service first and foremost on existing users because expenditure on attracting those with a low motivation is much more costly and likely to be mostly unsuccessful'.
    Ex: The article 'Interchange bites the dust' comments on the decision by AT&T to abandon the Interchange online service technology.
    Ex: While this direct contact can backfire if the person is not knowledgeable about the product, it is also a golden opportunity to respond directly to customer questions and unique needs.
    Ex: Many of them are likely to go under in the next wave of economic recession.
    Ex: This article examines one such example, Cherrie Moraga's ' Giving Up the Ghost' where, for the first time, the issue of Chicana lesbian sexuality is addressed on the stage.
    Ex: However, many attempts to actively involve the community in reducing its risks of becoming ill have met with failure.
    Ex: This opera flopped at its premiere in 1819.
    Ex: Most of the packaging for cassettes provided by commercial vendors that are known nationwide is lousy, falls apart, looks bad, and so on.
    Ex: Bright people will always manage towork out the technology but it is the higher-level issues and processes that usually cause a project to come unstuck.
    Ex: The performance nevertheless falls flat due to the singers' failure to create true exhilaration.
    Ex: The test on the new machines went pear-shaped: nothing really worked properly and they had to install everything again.
    Ex: Sure we can, but minus the original moment of sizzle, our excellent choice might very well fizzle.
    Ex: The lack of centralisation means that good management goes out the window and everything gets sloppier.
    Ex: He had years of experience and common sense and to the best of my knowledge never came a cropper.
    Ex: The sale fell through recently, after the buyer was unable to come up with the money.
    Ex: With oil at $76 a barrel, it won't be long until it all goes kaput!.
    Ex: They left a trail of destruction in the wake of a plan gone haywire.
    Ex: Their email system has been up the spout since Saturday preventing the staff from communicating everyday matters and causing extensive housekeeping delays.
    * esfuerzo + fracasar = effort + founder.
    * fracasar de manera lamentable = fail + miserably, fail + dismally.
    * fracasar estrepitosamente = fall + flat on + Posesivo + face.
    * fracasar miserablemente = fail + dismally, fail + miserably, come + a cropper.
    * hacer fracasar = foil, derail.
    * planes + fracasar = plan + fall through.
    * prosperar o fracasar = sink or swim.

    * * *
    fracasar [A1 ]
    vi
    1 «negociaciones» to fail; «plan» to fail, fall through
    2 «persona» to fail
    como padre fracasó horriblemente he failed miserably as a father
    fracasó como actor he failed o was unsuccessful as an actor
    fracasar EN algo to fail IN sth
    fracasó en su intento de conquistar el Everest he was unsuccessful o he failed in his attempt to conquer Everest
    * * *

     

    fracasar ( conjugate fracasar) verbo intransitivo
    to fail
    fracasar verbo intransitivo to fail
    ' fracasar' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    venirse
    - sonar
    - tronar
    English:
    backfire
    - bomb
    - break down
    - fail
    - fall apart
    - fall through
    - flop
    - founder
    - miserably
    - unstuck
    - back
    - break
    - collapse
    - flat
    - grief
    * * *
    1. [intento] to fail;
    [producto] to be a failure;
    el modelo fracasó en Europa the model was a failure in Europe
    2. [persona] to fail;
    fracasó en su intento de obtener un acuerdo he failed in his attempt to get an agreement;
    fracasó como cantante she was a failure as a singer
    * * *
    v/i fail
    * * *
    1) fallar: to fail
    2) : to fall through
    * * *
    1. (en general) to fail
    2. (planes) to fall through [pt. fell; pp. fallen]

    Spanish-English dictionary > fracasar

  • 8 licencia

    f.
    1 license, permit (document).
    licencia de armas/caza gun/hunting license
    licencia de conducir driving license ( Carib, Chilean Spanish, Ecuadoran Spanish Méx Br), driver's license (United States)
    licencia para conducir driving license ( Carib, Chilean Spanish, Ecuadoran Spanish Méx Br), driver's license (United States)
    licencia de exportación/importación export/import license
    licencia fiscal = official authorization to practice a profession
    licencia de obras planning permission
    licencia poética poetic license
    2 leave (military).
    4 liberty.
    tomarse licencias con alguien to take liberties with somebody
    pres.indicat.
    3rd person singular (él/ella/ello) present indicative of spanish verb: licenciar.
    * * *
    1 (permiso) licence (US license), permission
    2 (documento) licence (US license), permit
    3 MILITAR discharge
    \
    tomarse la licencia de to take the licence (US license) to
    licencia poética poetic licence (US license)
    * * *
    noun f.
    * * *
    SF
    1) (=documento) licence, license (EEUU)

    licencia de armas — gun licence, gun permit (EEUU)

    licencia de caza — game licence, hunting permit

    licencia de conducir, licencia de conductor — driving licence, driver's license (EEUU)

    licencia de construcción — ≈ planning permission

    licencia de exportación — (Com) export licence

    licencia de manejar — LAm driving licence, driver's license (EEUU)

    licencia de obras — building permit, planning permission

    licencia de piloto, licencia de vuelo — pilot's licence

    licencia fiscal — registration with the Spanish Inland Revenue necessary for any commercial activity

    2) (Mil) leave, furlough (EEUU)
    3) [de trabajo] leave
    4) frm (=permiso) permission

    dar su licencia — to give one's permission, grant permission

    5) (=libertinaje) licence
    6) (Literat)
    7) (Univ) † degree
    * * *
    1) ( documento) license*
    2)
    a) (frml) (permiso, beneplácito) permission
    b) (ant) (libertad, confianza) liberty
    3)
    a) (Mil) leave
    b) (AmL) ( de un trabajo) leave
    •
    * * *
    = licence [license, -USA], leave pass, franchise, license [licence, -USA], licensing, licensing agreement, licensing arrangement, licensure, permit.
    Ex. They were a kind of localized office for the city government and would take on routine tasks like receiving license applications, although main function was to provide information.
    Ex. Thus a letter home from a common soldier on the eve of a great battle is likely to be of considerably more interest to the historian than a leave pass signed by the commanding general of one of the armies involved.
    Ex. The Condensed Books series holds a unique and ubiquitous book publishing franchise that has vanquished all competitors.
    Ex. The use of electronic information everywhere in the world is usually defined and described by contractual agreements, otherwise known as licenses = El uso de la información electrónica en todo el mundo normalmente se define y describe mediante acuerdos contractuales que se conocen como licencias.
    Ex. Licensing is increasing in importance as a means of gaining access to commercially available digital information = Las licencias están creciendo en importancia como forma de acceder a información digital comercial.
    Ex. The article 'Licence at your own risk' describes the complexities of negotiating licensing agreements.
    Ex. Some publishers are entering into longterm, multiproperty licensing arrangements, while others participate in television coproductions and seek synergies with sister companies.
    Ex. Only through formal certification or licensure will librarians achieve the consistently high level of performance necessary to command the confidence and respect accorded a profession.
    Ex. The author discusses the role of the National Library of Nigeria as distributing agent and considers the problem surrounding the issue of a special permit for shipments into Nigeria.
    ----
    * acuerdo de licencia = licensing agreement, licensing arrangement.
    * conceder licencia = grant + license.
    * conceder licencia de comercialización = license [licence, -USA].
    * conceder una licencia = issue + licence.
    * condiciones de la licencia = licence terms, licence terms and conditions.
    * con licencia para vender bebidas alcohólicas = licensed.
    * derechos de licencia = licensing rights.
    * distribuidor que concede licencias = licensor.
    * incluir licencia de uso en sobre cerrado = shrink-wrap [shrinkwrap].
    * incumplimiento de licencia = breach of license agreement.
    * licencia a ciegas = shrink-wrap licence [shrinkwrap licence], shrink-wrapped licence [shrinkwrapped licence].
    * licencia colectiva = collective licensing.
    * licencia comercial = trading licence.
    * licencia corporativa = collective licensing.
    * licencia de acceso = subscription license.
    * licencia de acceso a información electrónica = license [licence, -USA], licensing.
    * licencia de armas = firearm licence.
    * licencia de caza = hunting licence, shooting licence.
    * licencia de pesca = fishing licence.
    * licencia de tenencia de armas = firearm licence.
    * licencia de uso = licence agreement.
    * licencia educativa = educational licence.
    * licencia en sobre hermético = shrink-wrap licence [shrinkwrap licence], shrink-wrapped licence [shrinkwrapped licence].
    * licencia estándar = boilerplate licensing.
    * licencia fiscal = trading licence.
    * licencia para matar = licence to kill.
    * licencias corporativas = site licensing.
    * sin licencia = unlicensed.
    * términos y condiciones de la licencia = licence terms and conditions, licence terms.
    * titular de una licencia = licensee.
    * * *
    1) ( documento) license*
    2)
    a) (frml) (permiso, beneplácito) permission
    b) (ant) (libertad, confianza) liberty
    3)
    a) (Mil) leave
    b) (AmL) ( de un trabajo) leave
    •
    * * *
    = licence [license, -USA], leave pass, franchise, license [licence, -USA], licensing, licensing agreement, licensing arrangement, licensure, permit.

    Ex: They were a kind of localized office for the city government and would take on routine tasks like receiving license applications, although main function was to provide information.

    Ex: Thus a letter home from a common soldier on the eve of a great battle is likely to be of considerably more interest to the historian than a leave pass signed by the commanding general of one of the armies involved.
    Ex: The Condensed Books series holds a unique and ubiquitous book publishing franchise that has vanquished all competitors.
    Ex: The use of electronic information everywhere in the world is usually defined and described by contractual agreements, otherwise known as licenses = El uso de la información electrónica en todo el mundo normalmente se define y describe mediante acuerdos contractuales que se conocen como licencias.
    Ex: Licensing is increasing in importance as a means of gaining access to commercially available digital information = Las licencias están creciendo en importancia como forma de acceder a información digital comercial.
    Ex: The article 'Licence at your own risk' describes the complexities of negotiating licensing agreements.
    Ex: Some publishers are entering into longterm, multiproperty licensing arrangements, while others participate in television coproductions and seek synergies with sister companies.
    Ex: Only through formal certification or licensure will librarians achieve the consistently high level of performance necessary to command the confidence and respect accorded a profession.
    Ex: The author discusses the role of the National Library of Nigeria as distributing agent and considers the problem surrounding the issue of a special permit for shipments into Nigeria.
    * acuerdo de licencia = licensing agreement, licensing arrangement.
    * conceder licencia = grant + license.
    * conceder licencia de comercialización = license [licence, -USA].
    * conceder una licencia = issue + licence.
    * condiciones de la licencia = licence terms, licence terms and conditions.
    * con licencia para vender bebidas alcohólicas = licensed.
    * derechos de licencia = licensing rights.
    * distribuidor que concede licencias = licensor.
    * incluir licencia de uso en sobre cerrado = shrink-wrap [shrinkwrap].
    * incumplimiento de licencia = breach of license agreement.
    * licencia a ciegas = shrink-wrap licence [shrinkwrap licence], shrink-wrapped licence [shrinkwrapped licence].
    * licencia colectiva = collective licensing.
    * licencia comercial = trading licence.
    * licencia corporativa = collective licensing.
    * licencia de acceso = subscription license.
    * licencia de acceso a información electrónica = license [licence, -USA], licensing.
    * licencia de armas = firearm licence.
    * licencia de caza = hunting licence, shooting licence.
    * licencia de pesca = fishing licence.
    * licencia de tenencia de armas = firearm licence.
    * licencia de uso = licence agreement.
    * licencia educativa = educational licence.
    * licencia en sobre hermético = shrink-wrap licence [shrinkwrap licence], shrink-wrapped licence [shrinkwrapped licence].
    * licencia estándar = boilerplate licensing.
    * licencia fiscal = trading licence.
    * licencia para matar = licence to kill.
    * licencias corporativas = site licensing.
    * sin licencia = unlicensed.
    * términos y condiciones de la licencia = licence terms and conditions, licence terms.
    * titular de una licencia = licensee.

    * * *
    A (documento) license*
    Compuestos:
    gun permit ( AmE), gun licence ( BrE), license* to carry firearms
    hunting permit
    ● licencia de conducción or de conducir
    driver's license ( AmE), driving licence ( BrE)
    export license*
    import license*
    ● licencia de manejar or de manejo
    (AmC, Méx, Ven) licencia de conducir
    planning permission
    fishing license* o permit
    fee paid to the government by lawyers, doctors, etc for the right to practice their profession
    international driver’s license( AmE), international driving licence ( BrE)
    B
    1 ( frml) (permiso, beneplácito) permission
    ¿da usted su licencia? do you give your permission o consent?, do I have your permission?
    pidió licencia para verlo she asked permission to see it
    2 ( ant) (libertad, confianza) liberty
    Compuesto:
    poetic license*
    C
    1 ( Mil) leave
    viene a casa con licencia he's coming home on leave
    2 ( AmL) (de un trabajo) leave
    le dan 20 días de licencia anual he gets 20 days' annual leave
    está de licencia she's on leave
    Compuestos:
    absolute discharge
    ● licencia por enfermedad/maternidad
    ( RPl) sick/maternity leave
    * * *

     

    Del verbo licenciar: ( conjugate licenciar)

    licencia es:

    3ª persona singular (él/ella/usted) presente indicativo

    2ª persona singular (tú) imperativo

    Multiple Entries:
    licencia    
    licenciar
    licencia sustantivo femenino
    1 ( documento) license( conjugate license);

    licencia de conducir or (AmC, Méx, Ven) de manejar driver's license (AmE), driving licence (BrE)
    2
    a) (Mil) leave;


    b) (AmL) ( de un trabajo) leave;


    licenciar ( conjugate licenciar) verbo transitivo ‹ soldado› to discharge
    licenciarse verbo pronominal [ estudiante] to graduate
    licencia sustantivo femenino
    1 (autorización) permission
    licencia poética, poetic licence
    2 (documento oficial) permit, licence, US license
    licencia de armas, gun licence
    LAm Auto driving licence, US driver's license
    3 (exceso de libertad, confianza) licence, US license, freedom: se toma demasiadas licencias, he takes too many liberties
    licenciar vtr Mil to discharge
    ' licencia' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    tramitar
    - pase
    - solicitud
    - vencimiento
    English:
    honourable discharge
    - interlope
    - leave
    - licence
    - driver's license
    - furlough
    - holiday
    - license
    - permit
    - sick
    - television
    - vacation
    * * *
    1. [documento] licence, permit;
    [de software, vídeo] licence agreement licencia de armas gun licence;
    licencia artística artistic licence;
    licencia de caza hunting licence o permit;
    Carib, Chile, Ecuad licencia de conducir Br driving licence, US driver's license; Méx licencia para conducir Br driving licence, US driver's license; Méx licencia de conductor Br driving licence, US driver's license;
    licencia de exportación export licence;
    licencia fiscal = official authorization to practise a profession;
    licencia de importación import licence;
    Méx licencia de manejo Br driving licence, US driver's license;
    licencia de obras planning permission;
    licencia de pesca fishing permit
    2. [eclesiástica] [para predicar] licence;
    [para publicar un texto] imprimatur
    3. [autorización] permission;
    dar licencia to give permission;
    Méx
    con licencia [con permiso] if I may, if you'll excuse me;
    Méx
    con licencia, ¿puedo pasar? may I come in?
    4. [en el ejército] leave
    licencia absoluta discharge
    5. Am [en el trabajo] leave;
    estar de licencia to be off work
    RP licencia por enfermedad sick leave; RP licencia por maternidad maternity leave
    6. [libertad] liberty;
    me he permitido la licencia de venir sin llamar I took the liberty of coming without calling first;
    tomarse licencias con alguien to take liberties with sb
    Lit licencia métrica metrical licence o freedom; Lit licencia poética poetic licence
    * * *
    f
    1 permit, license, Br
    licence
    2 ( permiso) permission
    3 MIL leave
    4
    :
    5 L.Am.
    AUTO license, Br
    licence
    * * *
    1) : permission
    2) : leave, leave of absence
    3) : permit, license
    licencia de conducir: driver's license
    * * *
    licencia n licence

    Spanish-English dictionary > licencia

  • 9 poco

    adj.
    not much, a small amount of, a small quantity of, little.
    adv.
    little, not very, not much.
    m.
    little.
    * * *
    1 little (plural) few, not many
    1 little (en plural) not many
    1 little, not much
    ■ voy poco por allí I rarely go there, I go there very little
    1 a little, a bit
    ■ ¿me das un poco? could you give me a little?
    \
    a poco de shortly after
    dentro de poco soon, presently
    hace poco not long ago
    pocas veces rarely, not often, seldom
    poco a poco slowly, gradually, bit by bit
    poco antes shortly before
    poco después shortly afterwards
    poco después de shortly after
    poco más o menos more or less
    poco menos que almost, nearly
    por poco nearly
    por si fuera poco as if that weren't enough, to top it all, on top of everything
    ————————
    1 little (en plural) not many
    1 little, not much
    ■ voy poco por allí I rarely go there, I go there very little
    * * *
    1. adv.
    little, few
    - por poco 2. (f. - poca)
    pron.
    little, few
    3. (f. - poca)
    adj.
    little, few, not much
    * * *
    1. ADJ
    1) [en singular] little, not much

    tenemos poco tiempo — we have little time, we don't have much time

    hay muy poco queso — there's very little cheese, there's hardly any cheese

    con poco respeto — with little respect, with scant respect

    el provecho es poco — the gain is small, there isn't much to gain

    • poca cosa, no te preocupes por tan poca cosa — don't worry about such a little thing

    comemos, jugamos a cartas, leemos y poca cosa más — we eat, play cards, read and do little else o and that's about it

    es poca cosa — (=no mucho) it's not much; (=no importante) it's nothing much

    es muy guapa pero poca cosa — she's very pretty, but there isn't much to her

    • y por si fuera poco — and as if that weren't enough, and to cap it all

    2) [en plural] few, not many

    pocos niños saben que... — few o not many children know that...

    tiene pocos amigos — he has few friends, he hasn't got many friends

    2. PRON
    1) [en singular]
    a) (=poca cosa)
    b)

    • un poco — a bit, a little

    -¿tienes frío? -un poco — "are you cold?" - "a bit o a little"

    he bebido un poco, pero no estoy borracho — I've had a bit to drink, but I'm not drunk

    estoy un poco triste — I am rather o a little sad

    • un poco como, es un poco como su padre — he's rather o a bit like his father

    • un poco de, un poco de dinero — a little money

    ¡un poco de silencio! — let's have some quiet here!

    c) [referido a tiempo] not long

    tardaron poco en hacerlo — it didn't take them long to do it, they didn't take long to do it

    • a poco de — shortly after

    • cada poco — every so often

    • dentro de poco — shortly, soon

    • poco después — shortly after

    • hace poco — not long ago

    fuimos a verla hace poco — we visited her not long ago, we visited her quite recently

    la conozco desde hace poco — I haven't known her long, I've only known her for a short while

    2) [en plural] few

    pocos son los que... — there are few who...

    como hay pocos —

    3. ADV
    1) [con verbos] not much, little

    cuesta poco — it doesn't cost much, it costs very little

    vamos poco a Madrid — we don't go to Madrid much, we hardly ever go to Madrid

    lo estiman poco — they hardly value it at all, they value it very little

    2) [con adjetivos: se traduce a menudo por medio de un prefijo]

    poco inteligente — unintelligent, not very intelligent

    3) [otras locuciones]

    ¡poco a poco! — steady on!, easy does it!

    *

    ¿a poco? — never!, you don't say!

    ¡a poco no! — not much! *

    ¿a poco no? — (well) isn't it?

    ¿a poco crees que...? — do you really imagine that...?

    • de a poco — LAm gradually

    • tener en poco, tiene en poco a su jefe — she doesn't think much of her boss

    • por poco — almost, nearly

    por poco me ahogo — I almost o nearly drowned

    • a poco que, a poco que pueda — if at all possible

    a poco que corras, lo alcanzas — if you run now you'll catch it

    * * *
    I

    ... con lo poco que le gusta el arroz —... and he doesn't even like rice; para locs ver poco III 4)

    II
    - ca adjetivo ( con sustantivos no numerables) little; ( en plural) few

    qué poco sentido común tienes! — you don't have much common sense, do you?

    fue asombroso, todo lo que te pueda decir es poco — it was amazing, I can't (even) begin to tell you

    III
    - ca pronombre
    1) (poca cantidad, poca cosa)

    por poco que gane... — no matter how little o however little she earns...

    compra más lentejas, nos quedan muy pocas — buy some more lentils, we've hardly any left

    a poco de venir él — soon o shortly after he came

    poco antes de que... — a short while o shortly before...

    b)

    un poco de: un poco de pimienta/vino a little (bit of) pepper/wine; come un poco de jamón — have a bit of ham

    c)

    un poco + adj/adv: un poco caro/tarde — a bit o a little expensive/late

    a poco — (Méx)

    ¿a poco no lees los periódicos? — don't you read the newspapers?

    de a poco — (AmL) gradually

    en poco: en poco estuvo que no viniéramos we almost didn't come; tienen en poco la vida ajena they set little value on other people's lives; me tienes bien en poco si crees que... you can't think very highly o much of me if you think...; poco a poco gradually; poco más o menos approximately, roughly; poco menos que nearly; poco menos que la mata (fam) he almost killed her; poco menos que los echan a patadas (fam) they practically kicked them out; por poco — nearly

    * * *
    = little [less -comp., least -sup.], low [lower -comp., lowest -sup.], scant, trifle, tad, little in the way of.
    Ex. Explanatory references give a little more explanation as to why the link between two names is being made in the catalogue or index.
    Ex. Carlton Duncan discussed the difficulties built into the educational processes which led to under-performance at school and the resulting low representation in higher education and low entry into the professions.
    Ex. Scant attention is paid to evaluation and the needs of users.
    Ex. She had been a trifle nervous until it was formally announced that the position was hers.
    Ex. Williams is one of those rare poets who satisfies the yearning that many of us have for the memorable phrase we wish we had said were our perceptions a tad keener.
    Ex. Without any significant restructuring, the LIS programme in Iran will provide little in the way of riding out the rapid transition that the field is currently experiencing.
    ----
    * abultar poco = be skimpy.
    * acercarse poco a poco (a) = edge (toward(s)).
    * actuar con poca consideración hacia = play + fast and loose with.
    * agua poco profunda = shallow water.
    * aguas poco profundas = shallows.
    * alimentos poco saludables = unhealthy foods.
    * a poca distancia = not far behind.
    * a poca distancia andando = within walking distance, within an easy walk.
    * a poca distancia a pie = within an easy walk, within walking distance.
    * a pocos minutos andando = within walking distance, within easy walking distance, within an easy walk.
    * a pocos minutos a pie = within walking distance, within easy walking distance, within an easy walk.
    * avanzar poco a poco (hacia) = edge (toward(s)).
    * cada pocos años = every few years.
    * comida poco saludable = unhealthy foods.
    * comportamiento poco cívico = uncivic behaviour.
    * con muchos huesos y poca carne = bony [bonier -comp., boniest -sup.].
    * con muy poca antelación = at (a) very short notice.
    * con muy poca anticipación = at (a) very short notice.
    * con muy poca frecuencia = all too seldom.
    * con muy pocas excepciones = with few exceptions.
    * con muy pocos medios = on a shoestring (budget).
    * con poca claridad = indistinctly.
    * con poca exactitud = loosely.
    * con poca experiencia = inexperienced.
    * con poca iluminación = dimly illuminated.
    * con poca imaginación = unimaginatively.
    * con poca naturalidad = stiltedly.
    * con poca población = thinly populated.
    * con pocas habilidades = poor-ability.
    * con poca visión de futuro = short-sighted [shortsighted].
    * con poco dinero = on the cheap.
    * con poco entusiasmo = half-heartedly.
    * con pocos recursos = under-resourced.
    * con pocos recursos económicos = low-budget.
    * consumir poco a poco = eat away at.
    * con tan poca antelación = at such short notice.
    * con tan poca anticipación = at such short notice.
    * correr poco a poco = eat away at.
    * cuestiones poco claras = grey area [gray area].
    * de forma poco ética = unethically.
    * de forma poco imaginativa = unimaginatively.
    * de forma poco profesional = unprofessionally.
    Ex. When the security services carry out acts of terror, they employ patsies who often are petty criminals or people who are mentally backward or mentally unstable.
    ----
    * de manera poco ética = unethically.
    * de manera poco profesional = unprofessionally.
    * demasiado poco común = all too rare.
    * de modo poco imaginativo = unimaginatively.
    * dentro de poco = before long.
    * de población poco densa = sparsely populated.
    * de poca importancia = menial, small-time.
    * de poca monta = hack, small-time.
    * de pocas luces = dim [dimmer -comp., dimmest -sup.], dim-witted [dimwitted].
    * de poco impacto = low impact [low-impact].
    * de poco peso = pat, feeble.
    * de poco provecho = fruitless.
    * de poco uso = low-use.
    * de poco valor = a dime a dozen.
    * desaparecer poco a poco = fade into + the sunset.
    * de todo un poco = about this and that and everything else, about this and that.
    * de un modo poco constructivo = unconstructively.
    * de un modo poco económico = wastefully.
    * de un modo poco natural = unnaturally.
    * donde cabe mucho también cabe poco = what holds a lot will hold a little.
    * durar poco = be short term.
    * echar poco a poco = dribble.
    * el que mucho abarca poco aprieta = jack of all trades, master of none.
    * en el caso poco probable de que = in the unlikely case (that).
    * en muy poco tiempo = before long.
    * en pocas palabras = simply put, in brief, to say the least, to put it (quite) simply, in short, to cut a long story short, bottom line, the, put simply, to make a long story short, the short story + be, simply stated.
    * en poco tiempo = before very long, in quite a short time, in a short time, in a short span of time.
    * en unos pocos años = within a few years.
    * estar poco dispuesto = be reluctant.
    * estar poco representado = underrepresent [under-represent].
    * estar un poco anticuado = be some years old.
    * excusa poco convincente = lame excuse.
    * faltar poco (para) = have + a short way to go (before).
    * faltar un poco = be some way off.
    * gente de poca importancia = small fry, the.
    * haber poca duda de que = there + be + little doubt that.
    * hace muy poco tiempo = a short time ago.
    * hace poco tiempo = a short time ago.
    * hacer poca distinción entre... y... = make + little distinction between... and....
    * hacer poco = do + little.
    * hacer que sea poco probable = render + unlikely.
    * hace unos pocos años = a few years ago.
    * hace unos pocos días = a few days ago.
    * hasta hace muy poco = until recently, up until recently.
    * hasta hace relativamente poco tiempo = until relatively recently.
    * horas de poca actividad = slack hours.
    * horas de poco movimiento = slack hours.
    * introducirse poco a poco = ease + Reflexivo + in.
    * ir poco más allá de + Infinitivo = go little further than + Gerundio.
    * llegar poco a poco = dribble in.
    * lo poco común = rarity, rareness.
    * mucho ruido para pocas nueces = much ado about nothing.
    * mucho ruido y pocas nueces = storm in a teacup, Posesivo + bark is worse than + Posesivo + bite.
    * muchos jefes y pocos trabajadores = too many chiefs and not enough Indians.
    * muy poco = minimally.
    * ofrecer poco = low-ball.
    * operación de poca monta = one-room, one-person operation.
    * pagando un poco más = at additional cost.
    * parece tener poco sentido que = there + seem + little point in.
    * pasar poco a poco = slide into.
    * período de poca actividad = slack time.
    * perro ladrador, poco mordedor = barking dogs seldom bite, Posesivo + bark is worse than + Posesivo + bite.
    * poca cantidad = trickle.
    * poca cosa = small fry, the.
    * poca iluminación = poor lighting.
    * poca importancia = unimportance, low profile.
    * poca notoriedad = low profile.
    * poca probabilidad = slim chance.
    * poca severidad = lenience, leniency.
    * pocas expectativas = low expectation.
    * poca utilidad = unhelpfulness.
    * poco abundante = light [lighter -comp., lightest -sup.].
    * poco accesible = unapproachable.
    * poco acertado = clumsy [clumsier -comp., clumsiest -sup.], injudicious.
    * poco acogedor = inhospitable.
    * poco aconsejable = unwise, inadvisable.
    * poco adecuado = unsuited, unsuitable, inapt.
    * poco + Adjetivo = slightly + Adjetivo, less than + Adjetivo.
    * poco afortunado = unhappy, ill-favoured [ill-favored, -USA].
    * poco agraciado = ill-favoured [ill-favored, -USA].
    * poco amable = off-putting, surly [surlier -comp., surliest -sup.], crusty [crustier -comp., crustiest -sup.], unkind.
    * poco americano = un-American.
    * poco amistoso = off-putting, unfriendly.
    * poco antes de + Fecha = shortly before + Fecha.
    * poco a poco = gradually, piecemeal, slowly, incrementally, at a snail's pace, little by little, bit by bit.
    * poco apreciado = unappreciated.
    * poco apropiado = unsuited, unsuitable, inapt.
    * poco apto = inapt.
    * poco arriesgado = low-risk.
    * poco asequible = unapproachable.
    * poco atractivo = off-putting, unattractive, unglamorous, uninviting, unappealing.
    * poco atrevido = unadventurous.
    * poco audaz = unadventurous.
    * poco aventurero = unadventurous.
    * poco cabelleroso = ungentlemanlike.
    * poco cálido = lukewarm.
    * poco científico = hit-or-miss, unscientific.
    * poco cívico = uncivic.
    * poco claro = confusing, fuzzy [fuzzier - comp., fuzziest -sup.], indistinct, obscure, unclear, untidy, hazy, inconclusive, slurred, clouded, blurry [blurrier -comp., blurriest -sup.], undistinguished, uncleared, indistinctive, bleary [blearier -comp., bleariest -sup.].
    * poco colaborador = unresponsive.
    * poco comercial = uncommercial.
    * poco competitivo = uncompetitive.
    * poco complicado = uncomplicated, uncomplicatedly.
    * poco comprensivo = unsympathetic.
    * poco común = rare, unfamiliar, unusual, uncommon, unordinary, out of the ordinary.
    * poco comunicativo = uncommunicative, reserved.
    * poco confortable = uncomfortable.
    * poco conocido = obscure, little known.
    * poco convencido = unconvinced.
    * poco convencional = unconventional.
    * poco convincente = unconvincing, inconclusive, pat, feeble.
    * poco convincentemente = unconvincingly.
    * poco correcto = ungentlemanlike.
    * poco cortés = impolite, ungentlemanlike.
    * poco culto = unenlightened.
    * poco decidido = half-hearted [halfhearted].
    * poco definido = blurry [blurrier -comp., blurriest -sup.], bleary [blearier -comp., bleariest -sup.].
    * poco denso = rarefied.
    * poco deportivo = unsportsmanlike.
    * poco después = soon afterwards, shortly afterwards, shortly after, not long after.
    * poco después de = soon after (that), shortly after.
    * poco después de que = shortly after.
    * poco diestro = poor-ability.
    * poco diplomático = indiscreet.
    * poco dispuesto = disinclined.
    * poco dispuesto a colaborar = uncooperative.
    * poco ducho en las nuevas tecnologías = technologically challenged.
    * poco económico = uneconomical.
    * poco efectivo = ineffectual.
    * poco eficaz = non-efficient.
    * poco elegante = inelegant, awkward, dowdy [dowdier -comp., dowdiest -sup.].
    * poco embarazoso = unembarrassing.
    * poco entusiasta = half-hearted [halfhearted], lukewarm.
    * poco envidiable = unenviable.
    * poco estable = unsettled.
    * poco estético = unaesthetic.
    * poco estimulador = unchallenging.
    * poco estimulante = unexciting, uninspiring, unmoving.
    * poco estricto = lax.
    * poco ético = unethical.
    * poco evidente = unnoticed, unnoted.
    * poco exigente = untaxing, undemanding.
    * poco favorable = unpromising.
    * poco favorecedor = unflattering.
    * poco fiable = unreliable, undependable, flaky [flakey].
    * poco firme = tenuous, rocky [rockier -comp., rockiest -sup.].
    * poco flexible = monolithic, inelastic.
    * poco frecuente = infrequent.
    * poco fructífero = unfruitful.
    * poco gratificante = unrewarding, unsatisfying.
    * poco grato = unwelcome.
    * poco hábil = poor-ability.
    * poco habitual = unaccustomed.
    * poco halagador = unflattering.
    * poco halagüeño = unflattering.
    * poco hospitalario = inhospitable.
    * poco idóneo = unsuited, unsuitable, inapt.
    * poco iluminado = dimly illuminated.
    * poco imaginativo = unimaginative.
    * poco importante = menial, small-time.
    * poco impresionado = unimpressed.
    * poco informativo = uninformative.
    * poco intelectual = lowbrow [low-brow].
    * poco inteligente = unintelligent.
    * poco intenso = light [lighter -comp., lightest -sup.].
    * poco interesante = dull, jackdaw, uninteresting, uninspiring, unremarkable.
    * poco juicioso = injudicious.
    * poco justificado = ill-justified.
    * poco listo = underprepared.
    * poco maduro = underripe.
    * poco más = little else.
    * poco materialista = unworldly.
    * poco memorable = forgettable.
    * poco mundano = unwordly.
    * poco natural = unnatural, stilted.
    * poco nítido = untidy.
    * poco normal = unnatural, unordinary, out of the ordinary.
    * poco novedoso = trite.
    * poco original = unoriginal.
    * poco ortodoxo = unorthodox.
    * poco poblado = thinly populated.
    * poco práctico = impractical, awkward.
    * poco preparado = underprepared.
    * poco probable = unlikely, far-fetched [farfetched].
    * poco productivo = unproductive.
    * poco profesional = amateurish, unprofessional.
    * poco profundo = shallow [shallower -comp., shallowest -sup.].
    * poco prometedor = bleak, unpromising.
    * poco propicio = unpromising, unpromising.
    * poco provechoso = fruitless, unrewarding.
    * poco prudente = ill-advised, ill-judged.
    * poco pulido = unpolished.
    * poco razonable = unreasonable.
    * poco realista = unrealistic, unreal, unwordly, way out in left field, airy-fairy.
    * poco recomendable = inadvisable.
    * poco refinado = unrefined, unpolished.
    * poco rentable = uneconomical.
    * poco representativo = unrepresentative.
    * poco romántico = unromantic.
    * poco sabido = little known.
    * poco saludable = unwholesome, insalubrious.
    * poco sano = unwholesome, insalubrious.
    * poco seguro = dicey [dicier -comp., diciest -sup.].
    * poco sensato = ill-advised, injudicious, ill-judged.
    * poco sentimental = unsentimental.
    * poco serio = flippant.
    * poco sincero = insincere.
    * poco sistemático = sloppy [sloppier -comp., sloppiest -sup.].
    * poco social = unsocial.
    * poco sofisticado = elementary, unsophisticated, corn-fed.
    * poco sólido = insubstantial.
    * poco tiempo = short while, short time.
    * poco tiempo después = shortly afterwards.
    * poco tradicional = untraditional.
    * poco unido = loosely knit.
    * poco uniforme = patchy [patchier -comp., patchiest -sup.].
    * poco usado = little-used.
    * poco usual = unusual.
    * poco útil = clumsy [clumsier -comp., clumsiest -sup.], unhelpful.
    * poquito a poco = little by little.
    * por mencionar sólo unos pocos = to name but a few.
    * por mencionar uno pocos = just to name a few.
    * por nombrar sólo unos pocos = to name but a few.
    * por nombrar unos pocos = to name a few.
    * por poco dinero = cheaply.
    * por poco o nada = at little or no extra cost.
    * por si era poco = for good measure.
    * por si fuera poco = to boot, for good measure, to add insult to injury, to add salt to injury, to rub salt in the wound.
    * prestar poca atención a = give + little thought to.
    * pretexto poco convincente = lame excuse.
    * quedar poco (para) = have + a short way to go (before).
    * quedar un poco = be some way off.
    * quedar un poco perjudicado = be a little worse prepared, be a little worse off.
    * que ocupa poco espacio = space-saving.
    * qué poco común = how odd.
    * quien mucho abarca poco aprieta = bite off more than + Pronombre + can chew.
    * reducirse poco a poco = dribble off.
    * resultar poco fructífero = prove + unfruitful.
    * roer poco a poco = eat away at.
    * saber un poco de todo y mucho de nada = jack of all trades, master of none.
    * sacar poco a poco = tease out.
    * salir un poco perjudicado = be a little worse prepared, be a little worse off.
    * sangre poco espesa = thin blood.
    * ser algo muy poco frecuente = be a rare occurrence.
    * ser algo poco común = be the exception rather than the rule.
    * ser algo poco conocido que = it + be + a little known fact that.
    * ser algo poco frecuente = be a rare occurrence.
    * ser algo poco sabido que = it + be + a little known fact that.
    * ser de poco valor = be of little use, be of little value.
    * ser muy poco probable = be remote.
    * ser poco = be under-provided.
    * ser poco agradecido = be thankless.
    * ser poco eficaz = do + little.
    * ser poco reconocido = be thankless.
    * ser pocos = be few in number, be small in number.
    * ser un hecho poco conocido que = it + be + a little known fact that.
    * ser un hecho poco sabido que = it + be + a little known fact that.
    * servir de poco = be of little use.
    * servir de poco o nada = be of little or no avail.
    * solución poco real = pie in the sky solution.
    * tener poca información = be information poor.
    * tener pocas luces = as thick as a brick, as thick as two (short) planks, as daft as a brush, knucklehead.
    * tener pocas posibilidades de = have + little recourse.
    * tener poco que ver = have + little to do.
    * tener poco valor = be of little value.
    * trabajo de poca monta = odd-job.
    * un hombre de pocas palabras = a man of few words.
    * unos pocos elegidos = a select few.
    * un poco = a bit, somewhat, slightly, something of, a little bit, kinda [kind of].
    * un poco áspero = roughish.
    * un poco como = kind of like.
    * un poco de = a measure of, a touch (of), a bit of, a piece of, a spot of, a splash of, a hint of.
    * un poco + Nombre = a shade + Nombre.
    * un poco obscuro = dusky.
    * un poco perdido = a bit at sea.
    * un poco rugoso = roughish.
    * usado con poca frecuencia = seldom used [seldom-used].
    * usuario que hace poco uso del préstamo = light borrower.
    * utilizar poco = underutilise/under-utilise [underutilize/under-utilize, -USA].
    * vivienda poco digna = poor housing.
    * y poco más = and little more.
    * * *
    I

    ... con lo poco que le gusta el arroz —... and he doesn't even like rice; para locs ver poco III 4)

    II
    - ca adjetivo ( con sustantivos no numerables) little; ( en plural) few

    qué poco sentido común tienes! — you don't have much common sense, do you?

    fue asombroso, todo lo que te pueda decir es poco — it was amazing, I can't (even) begin to tell you

    III
    - ca pronombre
    1) (poca cantidad, poca cosa)

    por poco que gane... — no matter how little o however little she earns...

    compra más lentejas, nos quedan muy pocas — buy some more lentils, we've hardly any left

    a poco de venir él — soon o shortly after he came

    poco antes de que... — a short while o shortly before...

    b)

    un poco de: un poco de pimienta/vino a little (bit of) pepper/wine; come un poco de jamón — have a bit of ham

    c)

    un poco + adj/adv: un poco caro/tarde — a bit o a little expensive/late

    a poco — (Méx)

    ¿a poco no lees los periódicos? — don't you read the newspapers?

    de a poco — (AmL) gradually

    en poco: en poco estuvo que no viniéramos we almost didn't come; tienen en poco la vida ajena they set little value on other people's lives; me tienes bien en poco si crees que... you can't think very highly o much of me if you think...; poco a poco gradually; poco más o menos approximately, roughly; poco menos que nearly; poco menos que la mata (fam) he almost killed her; poco menos que los echan a patadas (fam) they practically kicked them out; por poco — nearly

    * * *
    = little [less -comp., least -sup.], low [lower -comp., lowest -sup.], scant, trifle, tad, little in the way of.

    Ex: Explanatory references give a little more explanation as to why the link between two names is being made in the catalogue or index.

    Ex: Carlton Duncan discussed the difficulties built into the educational processes which led to under-performance at school and the resulting low representation in higher education and low entry into the professions.
    Ex: Scant attention is paid to evaluation and the needs of users.
    Ex: She had been a trifle nervous until it was formally announced that the position was hers.
    Ex: Williams is one of those rare poets who satisfies the yearning that many of us have for the memorable phrase we wish we had said were our perceptions a tad keener.
    Ex: Without any significant restructuring, the LIS programme in Iran will provide little in the way of riding out the rapid transition that the field is currently experiencing.
    * abultar poco = be skimpy.
    * acercarse poco a poco (a) = edge (toward(s)).
    * actuar con poca consideración hacia = play + fast and loose with.
    * agua poco profunda = shallow water.
    * aguas poco profundas = shallows.
    * alimentos poco saludables = unhealthy foods.
    * a poca distancia = not far behind.
    * a poca distancia andando = within walking distance, within an easy walk.
    * a poca distancia a pie = within an easy walk, within walking distance.
    * a pocos minutos andando = within walking distance, within easy walking distance, within an easy walk.
    * a pocos minutos a pie = within walking distance, within easy walking distance, within an easy walk.
    * avanzar poco a poco (hacia) = edge (toward(s)).
    * cada pocos años = every few years.
    * comida poco saludable = unhealthy foods.
    * comportamiento poco cívico = uncivic behaviour.
    * con muchos huesos y poca carne = bony [bonier -comp., boniest -sup.].
    * con muy poca antelación = at (a) very short notice.
    * con muy poca anticipación = at (a) very short notice.
    * con muy poca frecuencia = all too seldom.
    * con muy pocas excepciones = with few exceptions.
    * con muy pocos medios = on a shoestring (budget).
    * con poca claridad = indistinctly.
    * con poca exactitud = loosely.
    * con poca experiencia = inexperienced.
    * con poca iluminación = dimly illuminated.
    * con poca imaginación = unimaginatively.
    * con poca naturalidad = stiltedly.
    * con poca población = thinly populated.
    * con pocas habilidades = poor-ability.
    * con poca visión de futuro = short-sighted [shortsighted].
    * con poco dinero = on the cheap.
    * con poco entusiasmo = half-heartedly.
    * con pocos recursos = under-resourced.
    * con pocos recursos económicos = low-budget.
    * consumir poco a poco = eat away at.
    * con tan poca antelación = at such short notice.
    * con tan poca anticipación = at such short notice.
    * correr poco a poco = eat away at.
    * cuestiones poco claras = grey area [gray area].
    * de forma poco ética = unethically.
    * de forma poco imaginativa = unimaginatively.
    * de forma poco profesional = unprofessionally.
    Ex: When the security services carry out acts of terror, they employ patsies who often are petty criminals or people who are mentally backward or mentally unstable.
    * de manera poco ética = unethically.
    * de manera poco profesional = unprofessionally.
    * demasiado poco común = all too rare.
    * de modo poco imaginativo = unimaginatively.
    * dentro de poco = before long.
    * de población poco densa = sparsely populated.
    * de poca importancia = menial, small-time.
    * de poca monta = hack, small-time.
    * de pocas luces = dim [dimmer -comp., dimmest -sup.], dim-witted [dimwitted].
    * de poco impacto = low impact [low-impact].
    * de poco peso = pat, feeble.
    * de poco provecho = fruitless.
    * de poco uso = low-use.
    * de poco valor = a dime a dozen.
    * desaparecer poco a poco = fade into + the sunset.
    * de todo un poco = about this and that and everything else, about this and that.
    * de un modo poco constructivo = unconstructively.
    * de un modo poco económico = wastefully.
    * de un modo poco natural = unnaturally.
    * donde cabe mucho también cabe poco = what holds a lot will hold a little.
    * durar poco = be short term.
    * echar poco a poco = dribble.
    * el que mucho abarca poco aprieta = jack of all trades, master of none.
    * en el caso poco probable de que = in the unlikely case (that).
    * en muy poco tiempo = before long.
    * en pocas palabras = simply put, in brief, to say the least, to put it (quite) simply, in short, to cut a long story short, bottom line, the, put simply, to make a long story short, the short story + be, simply stated.
    * en poco tiempo = before very long, in quite a short time, in a short time, in a short span of time.
    * en unos pocos años = within a few years.
    * estar poco dispuesto = be reluctant.
    * estar poco representado = underrepresent [under-represent].
    * estar un poco anticuado = be some years old.
    * excusa poco convincente = lame excuse.
    * faltar poco (para) = have + a short way to go (before).
    * faltar un poco = be some way off.
    * gente de poca importancia = small fry, the.
    * haber poca duda de que = there + be + little doubt that.
    * hace muy poco tiempo = a short time ago.
    * hace poco tiempo = a short time ago.
    * hacer poca distinción entre... y... = make + little distinction between... and....
    * hacer poco = do + little.
    * hacer que sea poco probable = render + unlikely.
    * hace unos pocos años = a few years ago.
    * hace unos pocos días = a few days ago.
    * hasta hace muy poco = until recently, up until recently.
    * hasta hace relativamente poco tiempo = until relatively recently.
    * horas de poca actividad = slack hours.
    * horas de poco movimiento = slack hours.
    * introducirse poco a poco = ease + Reflexivo + in.
    * ir poco más allá de + Infinitivo = go little further than + Gerundio.
    * llegar poco a poco = dribble in.
    * lo poco común = rarity, rareness.
    * mucho ruido para pocas nueces = much ado about nothing.
    * mucho ruido y pocas nueces = storm in a teacup, Posesivo + bark is worse than + Posesivo + bite.
    * muchos jefes y pocos trabajadores = too many chiefs and not enough Indians.
    * muy poco = minimally.
    * ofrecer poco = low-ball.
    * operación de poca monta = one-room, one-person operation.
    * pagando un poco más = at additional cost.
    * parece tener poco sentido que = there + seem + little point in.
    * pasar poco a poco = slide into.
    * período de poca actividad = slack time.
    * perro ladrador, poco mordedor = barking dogs seldom bite, Posesivo + bark is worse than + Posesivo + bite.
    * poca cantidad = trickle.
    * poca cosa = small fry, the.
    * poca iluminación = poor lighting.
    * poca importancia = unimportance, low profile.
    * poca notoriedad = low profile.
    * poca probabilidad = slim chance.
    * poca severidad = lenience, leniency.
    * pocas expectativas = low expectation.
    * poca utilidad = unhelpfulness.
    * poco abundante = light [lighter -comp., lightest -sup.].
    * poco accesible = unapproachable.
    * poco acertado = clumsy [clumsier -comp., clumsiest -sup.], injudicious.
    * poco acogedor = inhospitable.
    * poco aconsejable = unwise, inadvisable.
    * poco adecuado = unsuited, unsuitable, inapt.
    * poco + Adjetivo = slightly + Adjetivo, less than + Adjetivo.
    * poco afortunado = unhappy, ill-favoured [ill-favored, -USA].
    * poco agraciado = ill-favoured [ill-favored, -USA].
    * poco amable = off-putting, surly [surlier -comp., surliest -sup.], crusty [crustier -comp., crustiest -sup.], unkind.
    * poco americano = un-American.
    * poco amistoso = off-putting, unfriendly.
    * poco antes de + Fecha = shortly before + Fecha.
    * poco a poco = gradually, piecemeal, slowly, incrementally, at a snail's pace, little by little, bit by bit.
    * poco apreciado = unappreciated.
    * poco apropiado = unsuited, unsuitable, inapt.
    * poco apto = inapt.
    * poco arriesgado = low-risk.
    * poco asequible = unapproachable.
    * poco atractivo = off-putting, unattractive, unglamorous, uninviting, unappealing.
    * poco atrevido = unadventurous.
    * poco audaz = unadventurous.
    * poco aventurero = unadventurous.
    * poco cabelleroso = ungentlemanlike.
    * poco cálido = lukewarm.
    * poco científico = hit-or-miss, unscientific.
    * poco cívico = uncivic.
    * poco claro = confusing, fuzzy [fuzzier - comp., fuzziest -sup.], indistinct, obscure, unclear, untidy, hazy, inconclusive, slurred, clouded, blurry [blurrier -comp., blurriest -sup.], undistinguished, uncleared, indistinctive, bleary [blearier -comp., bleariest -sup.].
    * poco colaborador = unresponsive.
    * poco comercial = uncommercial.
    * poco competitivo = uncompetitive.
    * poco complicado = uncomplicated, uncomplicatedly.
    * poco comprensivo = unsympathetic.
    * poco común = rare, unfamiliar, unusual, uncommon, unordinary, out of the ordinary.
    * poco comunicativo = uncommunicative, reserved.
    * poco confortable = uncomfortable.
    * poco conocido = obscure, little known.
    * poco convencido = unconvinced.
    * poco convencional = unconventional.
    * poco convincente = unconvincing, inconclusive, pat, feeble.
    * poco convincentemente = unconvincingly.
    * poco correcto = ungentlemanlike.
    * poco cortés = impolite, ungentlemanlike.
    * poco culto = unenlightened.
    * poco decidido = half-hearted [halfhearted].
    * poco definido = blurry [blurrier -comp., blurriest -sup.], bleary [blearier -comp., bleariest -sup.].
    * poco denso = rarefied.
    * poco deportivo = unsportsmanlike.
    * poco después = soon afterwards, shortly afterwards, shortly after, not long after.
    * poco después de = soon after (that), shortly after.
    * poco después de que = shortly after.
    * poco diestro = poor-ability.
    * poco diplomático = indiscreet.
    * poco dispuesto = disinclined.
    * poco dispuesto a colaborar = uncooperative.
    * poco ducho en las nuevas tecnologías = technologically challenged.
    * poco económico = uneconomical.
    * poco efectivo = ineffectual.
    * poco eficaz = non-efficient.
    * poco elegante = inelegant, awkward, dowdy [dowdier -comp., dowdiest -sup.].
    * poco embarazoso = unembarrassing.
    * poco entusiasta = half-hearted [halfhearted], lukewarm.
    * poco envidiable = unenviable.
    * poco estable = unsettled.
    * poco estético = unaesthetic.
    * poco estimulador = unchallenging.
    * poco estimulante = unexciting, uninspiring, unmoving.
    * poco estricto = lax.
    * poco ético = unethical.
    * poco evidente = unnoticed, unnoted.
    * poco exigente = untaxing, undemanding.
    * poco favorable = unpromising.
    * poco favorecedor = unflattering.
    * poco fiable = unreliable, undependable, flaky [flakey].
    * poco firme = tenuous, rocky [rockier -comp., rockiest -sup.].
    * poco flexible = monolithic, inelastic.
    * poco frecuente = infrequent.
    * poco fructífero = unfruitful.
    * poco gratificante = unrewarding, unsatisfying.
    * poco grato = unwelcome.
    * poco hábil = poor-ability.
    * poco habitual = unaccustomed.
    * poco halagador = unflattering.
    * poco halagüeño = unflattering.
    * poco hospitalario = inhospitable.
    * poco idóneo = unsuited, unsuitable, inapt.
    * poco iluminado = dimly illuminated.
    * poco imaginativo = unimaginative.
    * poco importante = menial, small-time.
    * poco impresionado = unimpressed.
    * poco informativo = uninformative.
    * poco intelectual = lowbrow [low-brow].
    * poco inteligente = unintelligent.
    * poco intenso = light [lighter -comp., lightest -sup.].
    * poco interesante = dull, jackdaw, uninteresting, uninspiring, unremarkable.
    * poco juicioso = injudicious.
    * poco justificado = ill-justified.
    * poco listo = underprepared.
    * poco maduro = underripe.
    * poco más = little else.
    * poco materialista = unworldly.
    * poco memorable = forgettable.
    * poco mundano = unwordly.
    * poco natural = unnatural, stilted.
    * poco nítido = untidy.
    * poco normal = unnatural, unordinary, out of the ordinary.
    * poco novedoso = trite.
    * poco original = unoriginal.
    * poco ortodoxo = unorthodox.
    * poco poblado = thinly populated.
    * poco práctico = impractical, awkward.
    * poco preparado = underprepared.
    * poco probable = unlikely, far-fetched [farfetched].
    * poco productivo = unproductive.
    * poco profesional = amateurish, unprofessional.
    * poco profundo = shallow [shallower -comp., shallowest -sup.].
    * poco prometedor = bleak, unpromising.
    * poco propicio = unpromising, unpromising.
    * poco provechoso = fruitless, unrewarding.
    * poco prudente = ill-advised, ill-judged.
    * poco pulido = unpolished.
    * poco razonable = unreasonable.
    * poco realista = unrealistic, unreal, unwordly, way out in left field, airy-fairy.
    * poco recomendable = inadvisable.
    * poco refinado = unrefined, unpolished.
    * poco rentable = uneconomical.
    * poco representativo = unrepresentative.
    * poco romántico = unromantic.
    * poco sabido = little known.
    * poco saludable = unwholesome, insalubrious.
    * poco sano = unwholesome, insalubrious.
    * poco seguro = dicey [dicier -comp., diciest -sup.].
    * poco sensato = ill-advised, injudicious, ill-judged.
    * poco sentimental = unsentimental.
    * poco serio = flippant.
    * poco sincero = insincere.
    * poco sistemático = sloppy [sloppier -comp., sloppiest -sup.].
    * poco social = unsocial.
    * poco sofisticado = elementary, unsophisticated, corn-fed.
    * poco sólido = insubstantial.
    * poco tiempo = short while, short time.
    * poco tiempo después = shortly afterwards.
    * poco tradicional = untraditional.
    * poco unido = loosely knit.
    * poco uniforme = patchy [patchier -comp., patchiest -sup.].
    * poco usado = little-used.
    * poco usual = unusual.
    * poco útil = clumsy [clumsier -comp., clumsiest -sup.], unhelpful.
    * poquito a poco = little by little.
    * por mencionar sólo unos pocos = to name but a few.
    * por mencionar uno pocos = just to name a few.
    * por nombrar sólo unos pocos = to name but a few.
    * por nombrar unos pocos = to name a few.
    * por poco dinero = cheaply.
    * por poco o nada = at little or no extra cost.
    * por si era poco = for good measure.
    * por si fuera poco = to boot, for good measure, to add insult to injury, to add salt to injury, to rub salt in the wound.
    * prestar poca atención a = give + little thought to.
    * pretexto poco convincente = lame excuse.
    * quedar poco (para) = have + a short way to go (before).
    * quedar un poco = be some way off.
    * quedar un poco perjudicado = be a little worse prepared, be a little worse off.
    * que ocupa poco espacio = space-saving.
    * qué poco común = how odd.
    * quien mucho abarca poco aprieta = bite off more than + Pronombre + can chew.
    * reducirse poco a poco = dribble off.
    * resultar poco fructífero = prove + unfruitful.
    * roer poco a poco = eat away at.
    * saber un poco de todo y mucho de nada = jack of all trades, master of none.
    * sacar poco a poco = tease out.
    * salir un poco perjudicado = be a little worse prepared, be a little worse off.
    * sangre poco espesa = thin blood.
    * ser algo muy poco frecuente = be a rare occurrence.
    * ser algo poco común = be the exception rather than the rule.
    * ser algo poco conocido que = it + be + a little known fact that.
    * ser algo poco frecuente = be a rare occurrence.
    * ser algo poco sabido que = it + be + a little known fact that.
    * ser de poco valor = be of little use, be of little value.
    * ser muy poco probable = be remote.
    * ser poco = be under-provided.
    * ser poco agradecido = be thankless.
    * ser poco eficaz = do + little.
    * ser poco reconocido = be thankless.
    * ser pocos = be few in number, be small in number.
    * ser un hecho poco conocido que = it + be + a little known fact that.
    * ser un hecho poco sabido que = it + be + a little known fact that.
    * servir de poco = be of little use.
    * servir de poco o nada = be of little or no avail.
    * solución poco real = pie in the sky solution.
    * tener poca información = be information poor.
    * tener pocas luces = as thick as a brick, as thick as two (short) planks, as daft as a brush, knucklehead.
    * tener pocas posibilidades de = have + little recourse.
    * tener poco que ver = have + little to do.
    * tener poco valor = be of little value.
    * trabajo de poca monta = odd-job.
    * un hombre de pocas palabras = a man of few words.
    * unos pocos elegidos = a select few.
    * un poco = a bit, somewhat, slightly, something of, a little bit, kinda [kind of].
    * un poco áspero = roughish.
    * un poco como = kind of like.
    * un poco de = a measure of, a touch (of), a bit of, a piece of, a spot of, a splash of, a hint of.
    * un poco + Nombre = a shade + Nombre.
    * un poco obscuro = dusky.
    * un poco perdido = a bit at sea.
    * un poco rugoso = roughish.
    * usado con poca frecuencia = seldom used [seldom-used].
    * usuario que hace poco uso del préstamo = light borrower.
    * utilizar poco = underutilise/under-utilise [underutilize/under-utilize, -USA].
    * vivienda poco digna = poor housing.
    * y poco más = and little more.

    * * *
    es muy poco agradecido he is very ungrateful, he isn't at all grateful
    es un autor muy poco conocido he is a very little-known author
    me resultó poco interesante I didn't find it very interesting, I found it rather uninteresting
    habla poco he doesn't say much o a lot
    duerme poquísimo she sleeps very little, she doesn't sleep very much
    viene muy poco por aquí he hardly ever comes around
    poco y nada me ayudaron they hardly helped me at all
    … con lo poco que le gusta el arroz … and he doesn't even like rice
    para locs ver poco3 pron D. (↑ poco (3))
    poco2 -ca
    muy poco vino very little wine
    muy pocos niños very few children
    hemos tenido muy poca suerte we've been very unlucky, we've had very little luck
    ¡qué poco sentido común tienes! you don't have much common sense, do you?
    tengo muy poca ropa I have hardly any clothes, I have very few clothes
    a poca gente se le presenta esa oportunidad not many people get that opportunity
    hay muy pocas mujeres en el gremio there are very few women in the trade
    éramos demasiado pocos there were too few of us, there weren't enough of us
    fue asombroso, todo lo que te pueda decir es poco it was amazing, I can't begin to tell you
    a esta mujer todo le parece poco this woman is never satisfied
    me he olvidado del poco francés/de las pocas palabras que sabía I've forgotten the little French/the few words I knew
    le dio unos pocos pesos she gave him a few pesos
    poco3 -ca
    A
    (poca cantidad, poca cosa): le serví sopa pero comió poca I gave her some soup but she only ate a little o she didn't eat much
    sírvele poco, desayunó muy tarde don't give him (too) much, he had a late breakfast
    por poco que gane, siempre es otro sueldo no matter how little o however little she earns o even if she doesn't earn much, it's still another salary coming in
    se conforma con poco he's easily satisfied
    poco y nada saqué en limpio de lo que dijo what he said made little or no sense to me
    lo poco que gana se lo gasta en vino he spends the little o what little he earns on wine
    compra más lentejas, nos quedan muy pocas buy some more lentils, we've hardly any left o we have very few left
    es un profesor como pocos there aren't many teachers like him
    pocos pueden permitirse ese lujo not many people can afford to do that
    B
    poco (refiriéndose a tiempo): lo vi hace poco I saw him recently o not long ago
    hace muy poco que lo conoce she hasn't known him for very long, she's only known him a little while
    tardó poco en pintar la cocina it didn't take him long to paint the kitchen
    falta poco para las navidades it's not long till Christmas, Christmas isn't far off
    a poco de terminar el bombardeo soon o shortly after the bombing stopped
    dentro de poco sale otro tren there'll be another train soon o shortly
    poco antes de que ella se fuera a short while o shortly before she left
    C
    ¿te sirvo un poco? would you like a little o some?
    descansemos un poco let's rest for a while, let's have a little rest
    espera un poquito wait a little while
    todavía le duele un poquitín or poquitito it still hurts him a little
    2
    un poco de: ponle un poco de pimienta/vino add a little (bit of) pepper/wine
    tiene un poco de fiebre he has a slight fever, he has a bit of a temperature o a slight temperature ( BrE)
    come un poco de jamón have a bit of o some o a little ham
    3
    un poco (hasta cierto punto): es un poco lo que está pasando en Japón it's rather like what's happening in Japan
    un poco porque me dio lástima partly because I felt sorry for him
    4 un poco + ADJ/ADV:
    un poco caro/tarde a bit o a little expensive/late
    me queda un poco corto it's a bit short o a little short o slightly too short (for me)
    habla un poco más fuerte speak up a bit o a little
    D ( en locs):
    a poco ( Méx): ¿a poco no lees los periódicos? don't you read the newspapers?
    ¡a poco no está fabuloso Acapulco! isn't Acapulco just fantastic!
    ¡a poco ganaron! don't tell me they won!
    nos sacamos el gordo de la lotería — ¡a poco ! we won the big lottery prize — you didn't!
    de a poco ( AmL); gradually
    agrégale la leche de a poquito add the milk gradually o a little at a time
    de a poquito se lo fue comiendo little by little o slowly she ate it all up
    en poco: en poco estuvo que nos ganaran they came very close to beating us, they very nearly beat us
    en poco estuvo que no viniéramos we almost didn't come
    tienen en poco la vida ajena they set little value on other people's lives
    me tienes bien en poco si me crees capaz de eso you can't think very highly o much of me if you think I could do such a thing
    poco a poco or ( Méx) a poquito gradually
    poco a poco la fueron arreglando they gradually fixed it up, they fixed it up little by little
    poco más o menos approximately, roughly
    habrán gastado unos dos millones, poco más o menos they must have spent in the neighborhood o ( BrE) region of two million
    es poco menos que imposible it's well-nigh o almost o very nearly impossible
    le pegó una paliza que poco menos que la mata ( fam); he gave her such a beating he almost o nearly killed her
    poco menos que los echan a patadas ( fam); they practically kicked them out
    por poco nearly
    por poco nos descubren we were nearly found out
    * * *

     

    poco 1 adverbio:
    ◊ habla poco he doesn't say much o a lot;

    es muy poco agradecido he is very ungrateful;
    un autor muy poco conocido a very little-known author;
    viene muy poco por aquí he hardly ever comes around;
    para locs ver poco 2 4
    poco 2 -ca adjetivo ( con sustantivos no numerables) little;

    ( en plural) few;

    muy pocos niños very few children;
    había poquísimos coches there were hardly any cars
    ■ pronombre
    1 (poca cantidad, poca cosa):

    por poco que gane … no matter how little o however little she earns …;
    se conforma con poco he's easily satisfied;
    todo le parece poco she is never satisfied;
    pocos quisieron ayudar few were willing to help;
    pocos pueden permitirse ese lujo not many people can afford to do that
    2
    ◊ poco ( refiriéndose a tiempo): lo vi hace poco I saw him recently o not long ago;

    hace muy poco que lo conoce she hasn't known him for very long;
    tardó poco en hacerlo it didn't take him long to do it;
    falta poco para las navidades it's not long till Christmas;
    a poco de venir él soon o shortly after he came;
    dentro de poco soon;
    poco antes de que … a short while o shortly before …
    3
    ◊ un poco


    ( refiriéndose a tiempo) a while;
    ◊ dame un poco I'll have some o a little;

    espera un poco wait a while
    b)


    c) un poco + adj/adv:

    ◊ un poco caro/tarde a bit o a little expensive/late

    4 ( en locs)
    ◊ a poco (Méx): ¡a poco no está fabuloso Acapulco! isn't Acapulco just fantastic!;

    ¡a poco ganaron! don't tell me they won!;
    de a poco (AmL) gradually, little by little;
    poco a poco gradually;
    poco más o menos approximately, roughly;
    por poco nearly
    poco,-a
    I adjetivo
    1 (con el sustantivo en singular) not much, little: tengo poco apetito, I haven't got much appetite
    2 (con el sustantivo en plural) not many, few: conozco pocos lugares de Italia, I don't know many places in Italy
    II pron (singular) little, not much
    (plural) (objetos) few, not many
    (personas) few people, not many people ➣ Ver nota en few
    III adverbio
    1 (con verbo) not (very) much, little: entiendo poco del tema, I don't understand much about the issue
    2 (con adjetivo) not very: está poco claro, it's not very clear
    3 (de tiempo) hace poco que nos conocemos, we met a short time ago
    IV sustantivo masculino
    1 (acompañado de adjetivo o adverbio) lo noté un poco molesto, I thought he was a bit annoyed
    tendré que hacerlo un poco después, I'll have to do it a little later
    2 (acompañando a un sustantivo) dame un poco de agua, give me a little water ➣ Ver nota en little
    ♦ Locuciones: a poco de, shortly after
    dentro de poco, soon
    poco a poco, little by little, gradually
    poco antes/después, shortly before/afterwards
    por poco, almost
    ' poco' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    abreviar
    - aclimatarse
    - adelgazar
    - aguantar
    - ahora
    - alcornoque
    - alentador
    - alentadora
    - algo
    - antes
    - apercibirse
    - bagatela
    - baja
    - bajo
    - brusca
    - brusco
    - bruta
    - bruto
    - buscar
    - calentar
    - cargada
    - cargado
    - cascada
    - cascado
    - cerebral
    - chapucera
    - chapucero
    - chispa
    - clara
    - claro
    - común
    - cruda
    - crudo
    - cualquiera
    - de
    - dentro
    - descuidada
    - descuidado
    - descuidarse
    - desigual
    - desmoronada
    - desmoronado
    - despatarrarse
    - despistada
    - despistado
    - despreciable
    - después
    - desvaído
    - disipar
    - dudosa
    English:
    accomplice
    - add to
    - adjust
    - aerial
    - after
    - afterwards
    - along
    - aloof
    - amateurish
    - balding
    - bark
    - belly
    - bit
    - black
    - blind
    - blow up
    - boot
    - by
    - can
    - careless
    - chat
    - comedown
    - confusing
    - cowboy
    - degree
    - derivative
    - desultory
    - disagreement
    - disingenuous
    - diving
    - do
    - dodgy
    - doubtful
    - dowdy
    - earthy
    - easy-going
    - edge
    - effect
    - element
    - evasion
    - exist
    - expect
    - fall apart
    - far-fetched
    - fine
    - flippant
    - forge
    - furnish
    - fuzzy
    - gradually
    * * *
    poco, -a
    ♦ adj
    (singular) little, not much; (plural) few, not many;
    de poca importancia of little importance;
    poca agua not much water;
    pocas personas lo saben few o not many people know it;
    hay pocos árboles there aren't many trees;
    tenemos poco tiempo we don't have much time;
    hace poco tiempo not long ago;
    dame unos pocos días give me a few days;
    esto ocurre pocas veces this rarely happens, this doesn't happen often;
    tengo pocas ganas de ir I don't really o much feel like going;
    poca sal me parece que le estás echando I don't think you're putting enough salt in, I think you're putting too little salt in;
    con lo poco que le gusta la ópera, y la han invitado a La Traviata it's ironic, considering how she dislikes opera, that they should have invited her to see La Traviata
    ♦ pron
    1. [escasa cantidad] (singular) little, not much;
    * * *
    I adj sg little, not much; pl few, not many;
    un poco de a little;
    unos pocos a few
    II adv little;
    trabaja poco he doesn’t work much;
    ahora se ve muy poco it’s seldom seen now;
    estuvo poco por aquí he wasn’t around much;
    poco conocido little known;
    poco a poco little by little;
    dentro de poco soon, shortly;
    hace poco a short time ago, not long ago;
    desde hace poco (for) a short while;
    por poco nearly, almost;
    ¡a poco no lo hacemos! Méx don’t tell me we’re not doing it;
    de a poco me fui tranquilizando Rpl little by little I calmed down;
    por si fuera poco as if that weren’t o wasn’t enough
    III m
    :
    un poco a little, a bit
    * * *
    poco adv
    1) : little, not much
    poco probable: not very likely
    come poco: he doesn't eat much
    2) : a short time, a while
    tardaremos poco: we won't be very long
    3)
    poco antes : shortly before
    4)
    poco después : shortly after
    poco, -ca adj
    1) : little, not much, (a) few
    tengo poco dinero: I don't have much money
    en no pocas ocasiones: on more than a few occasions
    poca gente: few people
    2)
    pocas veces : rarely
    poco, -ca pron
    1) : little, few
    le falta poco para terminar: he's almost finished
    uno de los pocos que quedan: one of the remaining few
    2)
    un poco : a little, a bit
    un poco de vino: a little wine
    un poco extraño: a bit strange
    3)
    ¿a poco no se te hizo difícil?: you mean you didn't find it difficult?
    4)
    de a poco : little by little
    5)
    hace poco : not long ago
    6)
    poco a poco : little by little
    7)
    dentro de poco : shortly, in a little while
    8)
    por poco : nearly, almost
    * * *
    poco1 adj
    1. (singular) not much
    2. (plural) few / not many
    tiene pocos amigos he has few friends / he hasn't got many friends
    poco2 adv
    1. (con verbos) not much
    2. (no mucho tiempo) not long
    3. (con adjetivos) not very
    poco3 n a little / a bit
    tengo de sobra, toma un poco I've got plenty, take a little
    poco4 pron
    1. (singular) not much
    compra café, que queda muy poco buy some coffee, there's not much left
    2. (plural) few / not many
    ¿cuántos vinieron? pocos how many came? not many

    Spanish-English dictionary > poco

  • 10 atraer la atención

    (v.) = attract + the eye, hold + attention, catch + Posesivo + attention, grab + Posesivo + attention, catch + Posesivo + eye, capture + the attention, rivet + the attention, draw + attention, catch + Posesivo + fancy, peak + Posesivo + interest, make + a splash
    Ex. Some titles are designed with no intention of being informative, but rather are intended to attract the eye.
    Ex. The faculty status issue continues to hold considerable attention among academic librarians.
    Ex. Since these original initiatives were launched, however, the information superhighway idea has caught the attention of a diverse group of companies in the private sector.
    Ex. Online and CD-ROM vendor literature should be read with caution: its aim is to grab attention and to sell.
    Ex. Some people do actually seek for fiction by title and author, or by author, rather than simply browsing along the shelves hoping for something to catch their eye.
    Ex. Materials that capture the attention of reluctant readers divert their focus from the negative doubts of ability.
    Ex. It was one of those books we all are always looking for that rivets the attention of to non-literary, reluctant readers as well as to literary readers.
    Ex. Yet, while the problem of the younger generation and drugs draws a great deal of attention, the problem of the elderly and substance abuse is less visible.
    Ex. At nightfall, drop anchor at any place that catch your fancy and the lullaby of the gentle waves put you to sleep.
    Ex. Now he plays with lots of kids and is frequently with different children each day depending upon which game or activity peaks his interest.
    Ex. Israeli wine may be young, but it's making a splash worldwide.
    * * *
    (v.) = attract + the eye, hold + attention, catch + Posesivo + attention, grab + Posesivo + attention, catch + Posesivo + eye, capture + the attention, rivet + the attention, draw + attention, catch + Posesivo + fancy, peak + Posesivo + interest, make + a splash

    Ex: Some titles are designed with no intention of being informative, but rather are intended to attract the eye.

    Ex: The faculty status issue continues to hold considerable attention among academic librarians.
    Ex: Since these original initiatives were launched, however, the information superhighway idea has caught the attention of a diverse group of companies in the private sector.
    Ex: Online and CD-ROM vendor literature should be read with caution: its aim is to grab attention and to sell.
    Ex: Some people do actually seek for fiction by title and author, or by author, rather than simply browsing along the shelves hoping for something to catch their eye.
    Ex: Materials that capture the attention of reluctant readers divert their focus from the negative doubts of ability.
    Ex: It was one of those books we all are always looking for that rivets the attention of to non-literary, reluctant readers as well as to literary readers.
    Ex: Yet, while the problem of the younger generation and drugs draws a great deal of attention, the problem of the elderly and substance abuse is less visible.
    Ex: At nightfall, drop anchor at any place that catch your fancy and the lullaby of the gentle waves put you to sleep.
    Ex: Now he plays with lots of kids and is frequently with different children each day depending upon which game or activity peaks his interest.
    Ex: Israeli wine may be young, but it's making a splash worldwide.

    Spanish-English dictionary > atraer la atención

  • 11 confuso

    adj.
    1 confused, addled, bewildered, muddle-headed.
    2 confusing, perplexing, tangled, confusional.
    3 confused, blurry, blurred, obscure.
    4 confused, cluttered, disordered, mixed-up.
    * * *
    1 (ideas) confused
    2 (estilo etc) obscure, confused
    3 (recuerdos, formas) vague, blurred
    4 (mezclado) mixed up
    5 figurado (turbado) confused, embarrassed
    * * *
    (f. - confusa)
    adj.
    * * *
    ADJ
    1) (=poco claro) [ideas, noticias] confused; [recuerdo] hazy; [ruido] indistinct; [imagen] blurred

    tiene las ideas muy confusas — he has very confused ideas, his ideas are very mixed up

    2) (=desconcertado) confused

    no sé qué decir, estoy confuso — I don't know what to say, I'm overwhelmed

    * * *
    - sa adjetivo
    a) <idea/texto/explicación> confused; < recuerdo> confused, hazy; < imagen> blurred, hazy; < información> confused
    b) ( turbado) embarrassed, confused
    * * *
    = confusing, dim [dimmer -comp., dimmest -sup.], distraught, in confusion of purpose, indistinct, muddled, entangled, topsy-turvy, puzzled, messy [messier -comp., messiest -sup.], puzzling, mixed up, confused, in a state of turmoil, clouded, in a spin, dishevelled [disheveled, -USA], in disarray, foggy [foggier -comp., foggiest -sup.], blurry [blurrier -comp., blurriest -sup.], confounding, garbled, indistinctive, nonplussed [nonplused], addled, in a fog, chaotic, disorderly, shambolic, bleary [blearier -comp., bleariest -sup.], in a twirl, at sea, all over the place.
    Ex. The nature of the compilation of the code led to rather little consensus, and many alternative rules, which together made the code rather confusing.
    Ex. The genesis of this brave new world of solid state logic, in which bibliographic data are reduced to phantasmagoria on the faces of cathode-ray tubes (CRT), extends at most only three-quarters of a decade into the dim past.
    Ex. Before she could respond and follow up with a question about her distraught state, Feng escaped to the women's room.
    Ex. Without the ability to select when faced with these choices we would be like demented dogs chasing every attractive smell that reaches our noses in complete confusion of purpose.
    Ex. The typescript will be fuzzy and indistinct without the smooth, firm surface which the backing sheet offers.
    Ex. This paper analyses and proposes practical solutions to key problems in on-line IR, particulary in relation to ill-defined and muddled information requirements, concept representation in searching and text representation in indexing.
    Ex. The rapid spreading of electronic mail, bulletin boards, and newsletters give rise to an entangled pattern of standards.
    Ex. At a later stage he may make up topsy-turvy stories with reversals of the pattern; finally he will improvise and impose hiw own.
    Ex. While scanning the area under supervision, the librarian may detect persons who appear restless or puzzled.
    Ex. The author discusses current attempts to organize electronic information objects in a world that is messy, volatile and uncontrolled.
    Ex. The argument for expressiveness is that it helps users to find their way through the systematic arrangement, which is sometimes puzzling to them.
    Ex. They are mixed up as the talk meanders about, apparently without conscious pattern.
    Ex. She sat a long time on the couch, confused, questioning, pushing her thoughts into new latitudes.
    Ex. Before long the teachers were in a state of turmoil over the issue.
    Ex. The article 'The clouded crystal ball and the library profession' explains how the concepts of knowledge utilisation and information brokering are beginning to have an impact on the definition of the librarian's role.
    Ex. The article is entitled 'Digital revolution leaves pharmacists in a spin'.
    Ex. Ironically, there are very few who have realized the capitalist dream of easy profits and the concept of a new knowledged-based economy now looks somewhat disheveled.
    Ex. Sometimes cataloguers access other libraries' OPACs in order to resolve difficult problems when important parts of the item being catalogued are missing or are in disarray.
    Ex. What they will not do is clear up the foggy area in most cataloguers' minds, the area that leads to an inconsistent application of half-understood principles'.
    Ex. On the other hand, a distinction that was thought to be quite clear turns out to be rather blurry.
    Ex. The need to control for the effect of confounding variables is central to empirical research in many disciplines.
    Ex. The client phoned in the afternoon to tell me that there was garbled data again in the large text field they use for notes.
    Ex. This research suggests that people are threatened by categorizations that portray them as too distinctive or too indistinctive.
    Ex. He was nonplussed when the crowd he expected protesting his policy of arresting illegal immigrants turned out to be seven.
    Ex. They were too addled to come to any definite conclusion.
    Ex. After practice, however, the usually affable Jackson looked to be in a fog as he prepared to walk to his locker.
    Ex. Otherwise the situation would become chaotic.
    Ex. Empirical studies of decision making have found that the process is more disorderly than described in rational models.
    Ex. Hundreds of usually loyal fans booed and jeered as the tortured singer delivered a shambolic and apparently drunken performance.
    Ex. Her eyes were dry and her head bleary from spending all week totally consumed with work.
    Ex. I had never been to a professional golf tournament, and the excitement and action had my head in a twirl.
    Ex. This site seems to be giving tons of options and am completely at sea as to how to go about choosing the best one.
    Ex. Mr Hammond said the Liberal Democrats are ' all over the place' on the economy.
    ----
    * de manera confusa = hazily.
    * estar confuso = be at sixes and sevens with, be at a nonplus, be all at sea.
    * masa confusa = mush.
    * resultar confuso = prove + confusing.
    * sentirse confuso = feel at + sea, be all at sea.
    * ser confuso = be deceiving.
    * surgir de un modo confuso = grow + like Topsy.
    * todo confuso = in a state of disarray.
    * * *
    - sa adjetivo
    a) <idea/texto/explicación> confused; < recuerdo> confused, hazy; < imagen> blurred, hazy; < información> confused
    b) ( turbado) embarrassed, confused
    * * *
    = confusing, dim [dimmer -comp., dimmest -sup.], distraught, in confusion of purpose, indistinct, muddled, entangled, topsy-turvy, puzzled, messy [messier -comp., messiest -sup.], puzzling, mixed up, confused, in a state of turmoil, clouded, in a spin, dishevelled [disheveled, -USA], in disarray, foggy [foggier -comp., foggiest -sup.], blurry [blurrier -comp., blurriest -sup.], confounding, garbled, indistinctive, nonplussed [nonplused], addled, in a fog, chaotic, disorderly, shambolic, bleary [blearier -comp., bleariest -sup.], in a twirl, at sea, all over the place.

    Ex: The nature of the compilation of the code led to rather little consensus, and many alternative rules, which together made the code rather confusing.

    Ex: The genesis of this brave new world of solid state logic, in which bibliographic data are reduced to phantasmagoria on the faces of cathode-ray tubes (CRT), extends at most only three-quarters of a decade into the dim past.
    Ex: Before she could respond and follow up with a question about her distraught state, Feng escaped to the women's room.
    Ex: Without the ability to select when faced with these choices we would be like demented dogs chasing every attractive smell that reaches our noses in complete confusion of purpose.
    Ex: The typescript will be fuzzy and indistinct without the smooth, firm surface which the backing sheet offers.
    Ex: This paper analyses and proposes practical solutions to key problems in on-line IR, particulary in relation to ill-defined and muddled information requirements, concept representation in searching and text representation in indexing.
    Ex: The rapid spreading of electronic mail, bulletin boards, and newsletters give rise to an entangled pattern of standards.
    Ex: At a later stage he may make up topsy-turvy stories with reversals of the pattern; finally he will improvise and impose hiw own.
    Ex: While scanning the area under supervision, the librarian may detect persons who appear restless or puzzled.
    Ex: The author discusses current attempts to organize electronic information objects in a world that is messy, volatile and uncontrolled.
    Ex: The argument for expressiveness is that it helps users to find their way through the systematic arrangement, which is sometimes puzzling to them.
    Ex: They are mixed up as the talk meanders about, apparently without conscious pattern.
    Ex: She sat a long time on the couch, confused, questioning, pushing her thoughts into new latitudes.
    Ex: Before long the teachers were in a state of turmoil over the issue.
    Ex: The article 'The clouded crystal ball and the library profession' explains how the concepts of knowledge utilisation and information brokering are beginning to have an impact on the definition of the librarian's role.
    Ex: The article is entitled 'Digital revolution leaves pharmacists in a spin'.
    Ex: Ironically, there are very few who have realized the capitalist dream of easy profits and the concept of a new knowledged-based economy now looks somewhat disheveled.
    Ex: Sometimes cataloguers access other libraries' OPACs in order to resolve difficult problems when important parts of the item being catalogued are missing or are in disarray.
    Ex: What they will not do is clear up the foggy area in most cataloguers' minds, the area that leads to an inconsistent application of half-understood principles'.
    Ex: On the other hand, a distinction that was thought to be quite clear turns out to be rather blurry.
    Ex: The need to control for the effect of confounding variables is central to empirical research in many disciplines.
    Ex: The client phoned in the afternoon to tell me that there was garbled data again in the large text field they use for notes.
    Ex: This research suggests that people are threatened by categorizations that portray them as too distinctive or too indistinctive.
    Ex: He was nonplussed when the crowd he expected protesting his policy of arresting illegal immigrants turned out to be seven.
    Ex: They were too addled to come to any definite conclusion.
    Ex: After practice, however, the usually affable Jackson looked to be in a fog as he prepared to walk to his locker.
    Ex: Otherwise the situation would become chaotic.
    Ex: Empirical studies of decision making have found that the process is more disorderly than described in rational models.
    Ex: Hundreds of usually loyal fans booed and jeered as the tortured singer delivered a shambolic and apparently drunken performance.
    Ex: Her eyes were dry and her head bleary from spending all week totally consumed with work.
    Ex: I had never been to a professional golf tournament, and the excitement and action had my head in a twirl.
    Ex: This site seems to be giving tons of options and am completely at sea as to how to go about choosing the best one.
    Ex: Mr Hammond said the Liberal Democrats are ' all over the place' on the economy.
    * de manera confusa = hazily.
    * estar confuso = be at sixes and sevens with, be at a nonplus, be all at sea.
    * masa confusa = mush.
    * resultar confuso = prove + confusing.
    * sentirse confuso = feel at + sea, be all at sea.
    * ser confuso = be deceiving.
    * surgir de un modo confuso = grow + like Topsy.
    * todo confuso = in a state of disarray.

    * * *
    confuso -sa
    1 ‹idea/texto› confused; ‹recuerdo› confused, hazy; ‹imagen› blurred, hazy
    dio una explicación muy confusa he gave a very confused explanation
    las noticias son confusas reports are confused
    2 (turbado) embarrassed, confused
    * * *

     

    confuso
    ◊ -sa adjetivo

    a) ‹idea/texto/explicación› confused;

    ‹ recuerdo› confused, hazy;
    ‹ imagen› blurred, hazy;
    ‹ información› confused

    confuso,-a adjetivo
    1 (idea, argumento, etc) confused, unclear
    2 (desconcertado) confused, perplexed
    ' confuso' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    confusa
    - apabullar
    - despistado
    - enmarañado
    English:
    confused
    - confusing
    - flounder
    - fuzzy
    - garbled
    - indistinct
    - mixed-up
    - muddy
    - spin
    - unclear
    - foggy
    - hazy
    - muddled
    * * *
    confuso, -a adj
    1. [poco claro] [clamor, griterío] confused;
    [contorno, forma, imagen] blurred; [explicación] confused
    2. [turbado] confused, bewildered;
    estar confuso to be confused o bewildered
    * * *
    adj confused
    * * *
    confuso, -sa adj
    1) : confused, mixed-up
    2) : obscure, indistinct
    * * *
    confuso adj
    1. (persona) confused
    2. (instrucciones, explicación, etc) confused / confusing

    Spanish-English dictionary > confuso

  • 12 dividir

    v.
    1 to divide.
    el río divide en dos la ciudad the river divides o splits the city in two
    Ellos dividen el dinero They divide the money.
    Ellas dividen el trabajo They divide the work.
    Ella divide los tipos de plantas She divides=classifies the plant types.
    Los pleitos dividen a los casados Fights divide married couples.
    2 to share out.
    nos dividimos las tareas domésticas we shared the household chores between us
    3 to divide by (Mat).
    dividir 12 entre 3 divide 12 by 3
    15 dividido por 3 igual a 5 15 divided by 3 is 5
    * * *
    1 to divide
    2 (separar) to divide, separate
    3 (repartir) to divide, split
    1 (separarse) to divide, split up
    \
    divide y vencerás divide and conquer, divide and rule
    * * *
    verb
    to divide, split
    * * *
    1. VT
    1) (=partir) to divide

    los dividieron en tres grupos — they split them (up) o divided them into three groups

    2) (Mat) to divide (entre, por by)

    doce dividido entre o por cuatro son tres — twelve divided by four is three

    3) (=repartir) [+ ganancias, posesiones] to split up, divide up; [+ gastos] to split

    hemos dividido el premio entre toda la familia — we have split up o divided up the prize among the whole family

    4) (=separar) to divide
    5) (=enemistar) to divide
    2.
    VI (Mat) to divide (entre, por into)
    3.
    See:
    * * *
    1.
    verbo transitivo
    a) ( partir) to divide

    lo dividió en partes iguales/por la mitad — he divided it (up) into equal portions/in half

    seis dividido por or entre dos es igual a tres — (Mat) six divided by two equals o is three

    b) ( repartir) to divide, share (out)
    c) ( separar)
    d) ( enemistar) <partido/familia> to divide
    2.
    dividir vi (Mat) to divide
    3.
    dividirse v pron
    a) célula to split; grupo/partido to split up; camino/río to divide
    b) obra/período

    el cuerpo humano se divide en... — the human body is made up of...

    c) ( repartirse) to divide up, share out
    * * *
    = break down, partition, tell out into, sort out + Nombre + from + Nombre, split up, drive + a wedge between, dissect, segment, split, break out, parcel out, splinter, section, balkanize, rive, rend.
    Ex. The holdings are broken down into several volumes, shown as the next level of the pyramid.
    Ex. Punctuation is present in order to partition the elements of a citation and should contribute to its comprehension.
    Ex. The finished paper was sorted for imperfections and told out into quires and reams for sale.
    Ex. Ward's study is likely to remain a standard reference source for years to come, but trying to sort out the generalities from the particularities is a very difficult business.
    Ex. In any case it is best to split up the work among all those involved, having an adult in charge of each group.
    Ex. While the current problems associated with serial economics have driven a wedge between vendors, librarians and publishers, they should be cooperating and communicating in order to withstand the information explosion.
    Ex. GMMA has developed a layered approach to visual indexing that dissects the objects, style and implication of each image, so that the indexing system can accommodate all potential approaches to the material.
    Ex. So, the state-of-the-art in speech recognition requires the speaker to pronounce words with definite pauses between them, or else it starts with segmenting the speech on the basis of its acoustical features.
    Ex. In the mechanised paper fibre process individual pages are soaked and split so that acid-free paper can be put between the two layers.
    Ex. Turnaround managers want current financial and working capital analyses broken out by cost/profit centres.
    Ex. Can libraries parcel out digitization responsibilities among themselves?.
    Ex. The computers in education movement has further splintered rather than integrated these communities.
    Ex. They have achieved this by dividing their building into public-oriented and research-oriented levels and sectioning each level into thematic areas.
    Ex. The scholarly system has become balkanized into autonomous, even antagonistic, cultures or camps based on differing technological competencies and interests.
    Ex. The novel presents a social world riven by contradictions that can best be understood through Marxian categories.
    Ex. Christian Science, a faith that has epitomize a quiet, disciplined spirituality, is being rent by discord.
    ----
    * divide y vencerás = divide-and-conquer.
    * dividir Algo en partes iguales = divide + Nombre + in equal parts.
    * dividir con una cortina = curtain off.
    * dividir en = divide (into), partition into, split into, divide onto.
    * dividir en dos = halve, bisect, rend in + two.
    * dividir en partes = break into + parts.
    * dividir en trozos = split into + bits.
    * dividir en zonas = zone.
    * dividir por medio = rend in + two.
    * dividir + Posesivo + fuerzas = fragment + Posesivo + energies, fragment + Posesivo + energies.
    * dividirse = branch, fork.
    * dividirse en partes = fall into + parts.
    * producir dividendos = pay + dividends.
    * * *
    1.
    verbo transitivo
    a) ( partir) to divide

    lo dividió en partes iguales/por la mitad — he divided it (up) into equal portions/in half

    seis dividido por or entre dos es igual a tres — (Mat) six divided by two equals o is three

    b) ( repartir) to divide, share (out)
    c) ( separar)
    d) ( enemistar) <partido/familia> to divide
    2.
    dividir vi (Mat) to divide
    3.
    dividirse v pron
    a) célula to split; grupo/partido to split up; camino/río to divide
    b) obra/período

    el cuerpo humano se divide en... — the human body is made up of...

    c) ( repartirse) to divide up, share out
    * * *
    dividir(en)
    (v.) = divide (into), partition into, split into, divide onto

    Ex: AACR2 divides works of mixed responsibility into two groups.

    Ex: External databases can be partitioned into two major categories: bibliographic and non-bibliographic or full-text databases.
    Ex: The notation is non-expressive, and is split into groups of three digits as in DC.
    Ex: Many databases are divided onto several discs, usually by time period.

    = break down, partition, tell out into, sort out + Nombre + from + Nombre, split up, drive + a wedge between, dissect, segment, split, break out, parcel out, splinter, section, balkanize, rive, rend.

    Ex: The holdings are broken down into several volumes, shown as the next level of the pyramid.

    Ex: Punctuation is present in order to partition the elements of a citation and should contribute to its comprehension.
    Ex: The finished paper was sorted for imperfections and told out into quires and reams for sale.
    Ex: Ward's study is likely to remain a standard reference source for years to come, but trying to sort out the generalities from the particularities is a very difficult business.
    Ex: In any case it is best to split up the work among all those involved, having an adult in charge of each group.
    Ex: While the current problems associated with serial economics have driven a wedge between vendors, librarians and publishers, they should be cooperating and communicating in order to withstand the information explosion.
    Ex: GMMA has developed a layered approach to visual indexing that dissects the objects, style and implication of each image, so that the indexing system can accommodate all potential approaches to the material.
    Ex: So, the state-of-the-art in speech recognition requires the speaker to pronounce words with definite pauses between them, or else it starts with segmenting the speech on the basis of its acoustical features.
    Ex: In the mechanised paper fibre process individual pages are soaked and split so that acid-free paper can be put between the two layers.
    Ex: Turnaround managers want current financial and working capital analyses broken out by cost/profit centres.
    Ex: Can libraries parcel out digitization responsibilities among themselves?.
    Ex: The computers in education movement has further splintered rather than integrated these communities.
    Ex: They have achieved this by dividing their building into public-oriented and research-oriented levels and sectioning each level into thematic areas.
    Ex: The scholarly system has become balkanized into autonomous, even antagonistic, cultures or camps based on differing technological competencies and interests.
    Ex: The novel presents a social world riven by contradictions that can best be understood through Marxian categories.
    Ex: Christian Science, a faith that has epitomize a quiet, disciplined spirituality, is being rent by discord.
    * divide y vencerás = divide-and-conquer.
    * dividir Algo en partes iguales = divide + Nombre + in equal parts.
    * dividir con una cortina = curtain off.
    * dividir en = divide (into), partition into, split into, divide onto.
    * dividir en dos = halve, bisect, rend in + two.
    * dividir en partes = break into + parts.
    * dividir en trozos = split into + bits.
    * dividir en zonas = zone.
    * dividir por medio = rend in + two.
    * dividir + Posesivo + fuerzas = fragment + Posesivo + energies, fragment + Posesivo + energies.
    * dividirse = branch, fork.
    * dividirse en partes = fall into + parts.
    * producir dividendos = pay + dividends.

    * * *
    dividir [I1 ]
    vt
    1 (partir) to divide
    dividió la tarta en partes iguales he divided the cake (up) into equal portions
    dividió a la clase en cuatro equipos she divided o split the class (up) into four teams
    seis dividido dos igual tres or seis dividido por dos es igual a tres or seis dividido entre dos es igual a tres ( Mat) six divided by two equals o is three
    divide 96 por or entre 12 ( Mat) divide 96 by 12
    2 (repartir) to divide, share, share out
    dividieron la herencia entre los hermanos the inheritance was shared (out) o divided among the brothers
    3
    (separar): el río divide el pueblo en dos the river cuts o divides the village in two
    4 (apartar, enemistar) to divide
    esa cuestión dividió profundamente al sindicato the issue caused deep division within the union
    los científicos están divididos en esa materia scientists are divided on that subject
    divide y vencerás/reinarás divide and conquer/rule
    ■ dividir
    vi
    ( Mat) to divide
    todavía no sabe dividir she still can't do division, she still doesn't know how to divide
    1 «célula» to split; «grupo/partido» to split up
    nos dividimos en dos grupos we split up into two groups
    el río se divide en dos brazos the river divides into two branches
    no me puedo dividir ( fam); I only have one pair of hands ( colloq), I can't be in two places at once ( colloq)
    2
    «obra/período»: su obra podría dividirse en cuatro períodos básicos his work could be divided into four basic periods
    el cuerpo humano se divide en cabeza, tronco y extremidades the human body is made up of the head, the torso and the extremities
    3 (repartirse) to divide up, share out
    * * *

     

    dividir ( conjugate dividir) verbo transitivo



    c) ( enemistar) ‹partido/familia› to divide

    verbo intransitivo (Mat) to divide
    dividirse verbo pronominal

    [grupo/partido] to split up;
    [camino/río] to divide
    b) dividir en algo [obra/período] to be divided into sth


    dividir verbo transitivo & verbo intransitivo to divide: dividieron la herencia entre los cuatro, they divided the inheritance among the four of them
    tienes que dividir entre tres, you must divide by three
    ' dividir' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    descomponer
    - partir
    - rompecabezas
    - seccionar
    - cortar
    - distribuir
    - mitad
    - separar
    English:
    carve up
    - cut
    - divide
    - equally
    - partition
    - quarter
    - separate
    - share
    - split
    - split up
    - tear
    - zone
    - break
    - halve
    - stream
    - way
    * * *
    ♦ vt
    1. [separar] to divide (en into); [átomo] to split (en into);
    dividió la hoja en tres partes she divided the page into three parts;
    dividió a los alumnos en grupos de cinco he split o divided the pupils into groups of five;
    el río divide en dos la ciudad the river divides o splits the city in two
    2. [repartir] to share out ( entre among);
    el resto de los beneficios fue dividido entre los empleados the rest of the profits were shared out o divided among the employees;
    dividimos las tareas domésticas entre todos we shared the household chores between all of us
    3. [desunir] to divide;
    un asunto que tiene dividida a la comunidad científica an issue that has divided the scientific community;
    el testamento dividió a los hermanos the will set the brothers against one another
    4. [en matemáticas] to divide;
    dividir 12 entre 3 divide 12 by 3;
    15 dividido entre o [m5] por 3 igual a 5 15 divided by 3 is 5
    ♦ vi
    [en matemáticas] to divide;
    divide y vencerás divide and rule
    * * *
    v/t divide
    * * *
    1) : to divide, to split
    2) : to distribute, to share out
    * * *
    1. (en general) to divide
    si divido 30 entre 5, el resultado es 6 if I divide 30 by 5, the result is 6
    2. (repartir) to split [pt. & pp. split]

    Spanish-English dictionary > dividir

  • 13 fingir

    v.
    1 to feign.
    fingió no saber nada he pretended not to know anything
    Ella fingió un desmayo She feigned a fainting spell.
    Su hijo fingió Her son feigned.
    2 to pretend.
    3 to pretend to, to feign to.
    Ella fingió comer She pretended to eat.
    * * *
    Conjugation model [ DIRIGIR], like link=dirigir dirigir
    1 to feign, pretend
    1 to pretend to be
    * * *
    verb
    to feign, pretend
    * * *
    1.

    finge dormir o que duerme — he's pretending to be asleep

    2.

    ¡no finjas más! — stop pretending!

    3.
    See:
    * * *
    1.
    verbo transitivo
    a) <alegría/desinterés> to feign, fake

    fingir + inf — to pretend to + inf

    b) < voz> to imitate
    2.
    fingir vi to pretend
    3.
    fingirse v pron
    * * *
    = feign, dissimulate, fake, counterfeit, sandbag, keep up + facade, put on + an act, keep up + appearances, pretend, dissemble, hoax, bullshit.
    Ex. 'You're sure you know what to do?' 'I'm sure,' she replied, with a confidence still slightly feigned = "¿Estás segura de que sabes qué hacer?" "Estoy segura", respondió con una seguridad todavía ligeramente fingida.
    Ex. He highlights the fact that the amount of time spent lying, dissimulating, and conforming in matters of religious faith was a huge issue in the 16th century.
    Ex. Both the researcher and the student practice of 'fudging' involves faking, fabricating, or stealing data.
    Ex. While the U.S. Treasury has taken steps to make it harder to counterfeit American currency, it's still apparently easy to make up fake money orders.
    Ex. First, if you're one of those players who think that sandbagging is unsportsmanlike, then you don't fully understand the nature of poker.
    Ex. Tom Hernandez tried not to show how sad he felt about his friends' leaving, and managed to keep up a cheerful facade until the party broke up.
    Ex. Singers, dancers, and actors must now all know how to sing, dance and put on an act.
    Ex. As many as 15 million Britons are using credit cards in the struggle to keep up appearances as they mistakenly consider themselves to be middle class.
    Ex. We do not pretend to have equipped you with an instant expertise in the subject analysis and classification of documents.
    Ex. On Sunday it was Vice President Cheney who dissembled about the impact of the tax cuts on the federal budget deficit and the relative size of the deficit.
    Ex. He hoaxed the popular media into thinking that he had burnt a million quid for the publicity it would, and has continued to, generate.
    Ex. Being able to bullshit effectively requires at least a modicum of knowledge about the subject at hand.
    ----
    * fingir debilidad = sandbagging.
    * fingir estar enfermo = malinger.
    * fingir estar muerto = feign + death.
    * * *
    1.
    verbo transitivo
    a) <alegría/desinterés> to feign, fake

    fingir + inf — to pretend to + inf

    b) < voz> to imitate
    2.
    fingir vi to pretend
    3.
    fingirse v pron
    * * *
    = feign, dissimulate, fake, counterfeit, sandbag, keep up + facade, put on + an act, keep up + appearances, pretend, dissemble, hoax, bullshit.

    Ex: 'You're sure you know what to do?' 'I'm sure,' she replied, with a confidence still slightly feigned = "¿Estás segura de que sabes qué hacer?" "Estoy segura", respondió con una seguridad todavía ligeramente fingida.

    Ex: He highlights the fact that the amount of time spent lying, dissimulating, and conforming in matters of religious faith was a huge issue in the 16th century.
    Ex: Both the researcher and the student practice of 'fudging' involves faking, fabricating, or stealing data.
    Ex: While the U.S. Treasury has taken steps to make it harder to counterfeit American currency, it's still apparently easy to make up fake money orders.
    Ex: First, if you're one of those players who think that sandbagging is unsportsmanlike, then you don't fully understand the nature of poker.
    Ex: Tom Hernandez tried not to show how sad he felt about his friends' leaving, and managed to keep up a cheerful facade until the party broke up.
    Ex: Singers, dancers, and actors must now all know how to sing, dance and put on an act.
    Ex: As many as 15 million Britons are using credit cards in the struggle to keep up appearances as they mistakenly consider themselves to be middle class.
    Ex: We do not pretend to have equipped you with an instant expertise in the subject analysis and classification of documents.
    Ex: On Sunday it was Vice President Cheney who dissembled about the impact of the tax cuts on the federal budget deficit and the relative size of the deficit.
    Ex: He hoaxed the popular media into thinking that he had burnt a million quid for the publicity it would, and has continued to, generate.
    Ex: Being able to bullshit effectively requires at least a modicum of knowledge about the subject at hand.
    * fingir debilidad = sandbagging.
    * fingir estar enfermo = malinger.
    * fingir estar muerto = feign + death.

    * * *
    fingir [I7 ]
    vt
    1 ‹alegría/desinterés› to feign, fake
    fingió sorpresa he feigned o faked surprise, he pretended to be surprised
    fingir + INF to pretend to + INF
    fingía saberlo she pretended o she made out that she knew, she pretended to know
    2 ‹voz› to imitate, put on
    intentó fingir la voz de su hermano he tried to put on o imitate his brother's voice
    ■ fingir
    vi
    to pretend
    se fingió apenado he pretended o made out that he was sorry, he pretended to be sorry
    * * *

     

    fingir ( conjugate fingir) verbo transitivo
    a) ‹alegría/desinterés› to feign, fake;


    b) ‹ voz› to imitate

    verbo intransitivo
    to pretend
    fingirse verbo pronominal:

    fingir verbo transitivo to pretend

    ' fingir' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    aparentar
    - simular
    - afectar
    - hacer
    English:
    act
    - affect
    - fake
    - feign
    - make out
    - make-believe
    - pretend
    - sham
    - pretense
    * * *
    ♦ vt
    to feign;
    fingió alegría para no desilusionarme he pretended to be happy so as not to disappoint me;
    fingió no saber nada he pretended not to know anything
    ♦ vi
    to pretend
    * * *
    v/t feign fml ;
    fingió no haberlo oído he pretended he hadn’t heard;
    fingió dormir he pretended to be asleep
    * * *
    fingir {35} v
    : to feign, to pretend
    * * *
    fingir vb to pretend

    Spanish-English dictionary > fingir

  • 14 firme

    adj.
    1 firm.
    2 solid.
    3 resolute.
    ¡firmes! (military) attention!
    4 single-minded, firm.
    5 secure, strong, firm.
    adv.
    hard.
    mantenerse firme en to hold fast to
    se mantuvo firme en su actitud he refused to give way, he stood his ground
    m.
    road surface.
    pres.subj.
    3rd person singular (él/ella/ello) Present Subjunctive of Spanish verb: firmar.
    * * *
    1 (estable) firm, steady
    2 (color) fast
    1 (pavimento) road surface
    1 hard
    \
    de firme hard
    en firme firm
    estar en lo firme to be in the right
    ¡firmes! MILITAR attention!
    mantenerse firme figurado to hold one's ground
    * * *
    adj.
    1) firm
    * * *
    1. ADJ
    1) [mesa, andamio] steady; [terreno] firm, solid
    2) [paso] firm, steady; [voz] firm; [mercado, moneda] steady; [candidato] strong
    3) [amistad, apoyo] firm, strong; [decisión, convicción] firm

    estar en lo firme — † to be in the right

    4) [sentencia] final
    5) (Mil)

    ¡firmes! — attention!

    ponerse firmes — to come o stand to attention

    2.
    ADV hard
    3.
    SM (Aut) road surface

    firme del suelo — (Arquit) rubble base (of floor)

    * * *
    I
    1)
    a) <escalera/silla/mesa> steady

    pisar terreno firme — to be on safe o firm o solid ground

    con paso/pulso firme — with a firm step/steady hand

    de firme — <estudiar/trabajar> hard

    b) ( color) fast
    c) < candidato> strong
    2) (Mil)

    en posición de firmes — standing at o (BrE) to attention

    3)
    a) < persona> firm

    se mantuvo firme — (ante las presiones, el enemigo) she stood her ground

    me mantuve firme en mi postura/idea — I stuck o kept to my position/idea

    b) (delante del n) <creencia/convicción> firm
    II
    masculino road surface
    * * *
    = firm [firmer -comp., firmest -sup.], powerful, sound [sounder -comp., soundest -sup.], strong [stronger -comp., strongest -sup.], uncompromising, steadfast, assertive, adamant, taut [tauter -comp., tautest -sup.], tight [tighter -comp., tightest -sup.], uncompromised, staunch [stanch, -USA], rock solid, unswerving, toned.
    Ex. Full consideration of the above factors should form a firm basis for the design of an effective thesaurus or list of subject headings.
    Ex. Because DOBIS/LIBIS integrates the authority files into the cataloguing process, it provides a unique and very powerful authority file facility.
    Ex. Thus the scheme has a sound organisational backing.
    Ex. In fact, the 1979 index figures show a strong contrast between the hardback and paperback turnovers, with the hardback market being down and the paperback market up.
    Ex. What precipitated that furor was that Panizzi's volume represented a uncompromising rejection of the comfortable ideology of the finding catalog.
    Ex. He does admit, however, that 'this power is unusual, it is a gift which must be cultivated, an accomplishment which can only be acquired by vigorous and steadfast concentration'.
    Ex. I tried to say at the very outset of my remarks that there probably has not been sufficient consumer-like and assertive leverage exerted upon our chief suppliers.
    Ex. The point is that even our most adamant, conservative faculty members are slowly dribbling in and saying, 'Could you add our name to your selective dissemination of information service?'.
    Ex. While the stencil is held taut, the cylinder is slowly rotated until the bottom edge of the wax sheet can be clamped in position.
    Ex. The platen was lashed up tight to the toe of the spindle by cords which connected hooks at its four corners to another set of hooks at the four lower corners of the hose.
    Ex. The Gazette advocated uncompromised racial equality and viewed the migration as a weapon against oppression.
    Ex. This article reviews the work of Professor Kaula, the staunch crusader of librarianship in India.
    Ex. The numbers in the ad, which are quite eye-opening, are rock-solid.
    Ex. His mistaken assumption that cult heroes are supermen, and his unswerving devotion to an empirical testing of the play impose significant limitations on his account.
    Ex. If you are shorter or have very nice toned legs without veins, scars or dark hair, I say take the skirt up a few inches if you want.
    ----
    * adoptar una postura firme ante una cuestión = take + position on + issue.
    * con pie firme = sure-footed.
    * en tierra firme = on dry land.
    * mantener firme = keep + steady, hold in + line, hold + steady.
    * mantenerse firme = stand + Posesivo + ground, stick to + Posesivo + guns.
    * permanecer firm = stay in + place.
    * poco firme = tenuous, rocky [rockier -comp., rockiest -sup.].
    * ponerse firme = stand to + attention.
    * senos firmes y de punta = pert breasts.
    * sobre suelo firme = on firm footing.
    * terreno firme = safe ground, solid ground.
    * tierra firme = solid ground.
    * * *
    I
    1)
    a) <escalera/silla/mesa> steady

    pisar terreno firme — to be on safe o firm o solid ground

    con paso/pulso firme — with a firm step/steady hand

    de firme — <estudiar/trabajar> hard

    b) ( color) fast
    c) < candidato> strong
    2) (Mil)

    en posición de firmes — standing at o (BrE) to attention

    3)
    a) < persona> firm

    se mantuvo firme — (ante las presiones, el enemigo) she stood her ground

    me mantuve firme en mi postura/idea — I stuck o kept to my position/idea

    b) (delante del n) <creencia/convicción> firm
    II
    masculino road surface
    * * *
    = firm [firmer -comp., firmest -sup.], powerful, sound [sounder -comp., soundest -sup.], strong [stronger -comp., strongest -sup.], uncompromising, steadfast, assertive, adamant, taut [tauter -comp., tautest -sup.], tight [tighter -comp., tightest -sup.], uncompromised, staunch [stanch, -USA], rock solid, unswerving, toned.

    Ex: Full consideration of the above factors should form a firm basis for the design of an effective thesaurus or list of subject headings.

    Ex: Because DOBIS/LIBIS integrates the authority files into the cataloguing process, it provides a unique and very powerful authority file facility.
    Ex: Thus the scheme has a sound organisational backing.
    Ex: In fact, the 1979 index figures show a strong contrast between the hardback and paperback turnovers, with the hardback market being down and the paperback market up.
    Ex: What precipitated that furor was that Panizzi's volume represented a uncompromising rejection of the comfortable ideology of the finding catalog.
    Ex: He does admit, however, that 'this power is unusual, it is a gift which must be cultivated, an accomplishment which can only be acquired by vigorous and steadfast concentration'.
    Ex: I tried to say at the very outset of my remarks that there probably has not been sufficient consumer-like and assertive leverage exerted upon our chief suppliers.
    Ex: The point is that even our most adamant, conservative faculty members are slowly dribbling in and saying, 'Could you add our name to your selective dissemination of information service?'.
    Ex: While the stencil is held taut, the cylinder is slowly rotated until the bottom edge of the wax sheet can be clamped in position.
    Ex: The platen was lashed up tight to the toe of the spindle by cords which connected hooks at its four corners to another set of hooks at the four lower corners of the hose.
    Ex: The Gazette advocated uncompromised racial equality and viewed the migration as a weapon against oppression.
    Ex: This article reviews the work of Professor Kaula, the staunch crusader of librarianship in India.
    Ex: The numbers in the ad, which are quite eye-opening, are rock-solid.
    Ex: His mistaken assumption that cult heroes are supermen, and his unswerving devotion to an empirical testing of the play impose significant limitations on his account.
    Ex: If you are shorter or have very nice toned legs without veins, scars or dark hair, I say take the skirt up a few inches if you want.
    * adoptar una postura firme ante una cuestión = take + position on + issue.
    * con pie firme = sure-footed.
    * en tierra firme = on dry land.
    * mantener firme = keep + steady, hold in + line, hold + steady.
    * mantenerse firme = stand + Posesivo + ground, stick to + Posesivo + guns.
    * permanecer firm = stay in + place.
    * poco firme = tenuous, rocky [rockier -comp., rockiest -sup.].
    * ponerse firme = stand to + attention.
    * senos firmes y de punta = pert breasts.
    * sobre suelo firme = on firm footing.
    * terreno firme = safe ground, solid ground.
    * tierra firme = solid ground.

    * * *
    A
    1 ‹escalera/silla/mesa› steady
    edificar sobre terreno firme to build on solid ground
    tenemos que asegurarnos de que pisamos terreno firme we must make sure that we're not treading on dangerous ground
    tener las carnes firmes to have a firm body
    se acercó con paso firme he approached with a determined o firm step
    con pulso firme with a firm o steady hand
    una oferta en firme a firm offer
    un fallo a firme an enforceable o executable judgment
    de firme hard
    estudiar de firme to study hard
    2 (color) fast
    3 ‹candidato› strong
    B ( Mil):
    ¡firmes! attention!
    estaban en posición de firmes they were standing to attention
    C
    1 ‹persona› firm
    tienes que mostrarte más firme con él you have to be firmer with him
    se mantuvo firme she remained firm, she stood her ground, she did not waver
    2 ( delante del n) ‹creencia/convicción› firm
    su firme apoyo a los detenidos their firm support for the prisoners
    D ( Per fam) (excelente) excellent, brilliant ( colloq)
    road surface
    firme deslizante slippery surface
    ( Chi fam)
    la firme the truth
    te diré la firme I'll be honest with you o I'll tell you the truth
    * * *

     

    Del verbo firmar: ( conjugate firmar)

    firmé es:

    1ª persona singular (yo) pretérito indicativo

    firme es:

    1ª persona singular (yo) presente subjuntivo

    3ª persona singular (él/ella/usted) presente subjuntivo

    3ª persona singular (él/ella/usted) imperativo

    Multiple Entries:
    firmar    
    firme
    firmar ( conjugate firmar) verbo transitivo/intransitivo
    to sign
    firme adjetivo
    1 ‹escalera/silla/mesa› steady;

    con paso/pulso firme with a firm step/steady hand;
    una oferta en firme a firm offer;
    de firme ‹estudiar/trabajar› hard
    2 (Mil):
    ◊ ¡firmes! attention!

    3
    a) ‹ persona› firm;


    me mantuve firme en mi idea I stuck o kept to my idea
    b) ( delante del n) ‹creencia/convicción› firm

    firmar verbo transitivo to sign
    firme
    I adjetivo
    1 firm: se mantuvo firme ante la oposición, she stood firm against the opposition
    II m (pavimento de carretera) road surface
    III adv (con constancia) firm, firmly, hard
    IV excl Mil ¡firmes! attention!
    ♦ Locuciones: de firme, firm, hard
    en firme, definitive
    ' firme' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    hasta
    - inquebrantable
    - plantarse
    - pulso
    - roca
    - terrestre
    - actitud
    - enérgico
    - paso
    - postura
    - propósito
    - tierra
    English:
    adamant
    - assertive
    - deploy
    - exploit
    - fast
    - firm
    - govern
    - hard
    - hold
    - land
    - name
    - secure
    - self-assertion
    - self-assertive
    - shaky
    - shore
    - solid
    - steadfast
    - steady
    - stiff
    - stout
    - strong
    - surface
    - unsteady
    - unwavering
    - wonky
    - attention
    - decisive
    - definite
    - ground
    - intention
    - march
    - sound
    - sure
    - unbending
    - wobbly
    * * *
    ♦ adj
    1. [fuerte, sólido] firm;
    [andamio, construcción] stable; [pulso] steady; [paso] resolute;
    tiene unos principios muy firmes she has very firm principles, she's extremely principled;
    tiene la firme intención de resolver el problema she fully intends to solve the problem, she has every intention of solving the problem;
    llovió de firme durante varias horas it rained hard for several hours
    2. [argumento, base] solid;
    trabaja de firme en el nuevo proyecto she's working full-time on the new project;
    una respuesta en firme a definite answer;
    quedamos en firme para el miércoles we are definitely agreed on Wednesday;
    tenemos un acuerdo en firme para intercambiar información we have a firm agreement to exchange information
    3. [carácter, actitud] resolute;
    hay que mostrarse firme con los empleados you have to be firm with the workers;
    Fam
    poner firme a alguien to bring sb into line
    4. Mil
    ¡firmes! attention!;
    en la posición de firmes standing to attention
    ♦ nm
    road surface;
    firme en mal estado [en letrero] uneven road surface
    ♦ adv
    hard;
    mantenerse firme en to hold fast to;
    se mantuvo firme en su actitud he refused to give way, he stood his ground
    * * *
    I adj
    1 firm; ( estable) steady; ( sólido) solid;
    2 MIL
    :
    ¡ firmes! attention!;
    poner firme a alguien fig fam take a firm line with s.o.
    II m pavement, Br
    road surface
    III adv
    :
    trabajar firme work hard
    * * *
    firme adj
    1) : firm, resolute
    2) : steady, stable
    * * *
    firme1 adj
    1. (estable) steady [comp. steadier; superl. steadiest]
    2. (constante) firm
    firme2 n road surface

    Spanish-English dictionary > firme

  • 15 stand

    stand [stænd]
    stand ⇒ 1 (a) étal ⇒ 1 (a) support ⇒ 1 (b) plate-forme ⇒ 1 (c) tribune ⇒ 1 (c), 1 (d) barre ⇒ 1 (f) position ⇒ 1 (g) mettre ⇒ 2 (a) poser ⇒ 2 (a) supporter ⇒ 2 (b)-(d) se lever ⇒ 3 (a) être debout ⇒ 3 (b), 3 (c) être ⇒ 3 (b), 3 (e), 3 (f) se tenir ⇒ 3 (b) reposer ⇒ 3 (d), 3 (g) se trouver ⇒ 3 (e) rester ⇒ 3 (g) rester valable ⇒ 3 (h) se classer ⇒ 3 (j)
    (pt & pp stood [stʊd])
    1 noun
    (a) (stall, booth → at exhibition, trade fair) stand m; (→ in market) étal m, éventaire m; (kiosk) kiosque m;
    ∎ a shooting stand un stand de tir;
    ∎ newspaper stand kiosque m (à journaux)
    (b) (frame, support → gen) support m; (→ for lamp, sink) pied m; (→ on bicycle, motorbike) béquille f; (→ for pipes, guns) râtelier m; Commerce (→ for magazines, sunglasses) présentoir m; (lectern) lutrin m;
    ∎ bicycle stand (in street) râtelier m à bicyclettes;
    ∎ plant stand sellette f;
    ∎ plate stand support m à assiette, présentoir m;
    ∎ Commerce revolving stand tourniquet m, présentoir m rotatif
    (c) (platform → gen) plate-forme f; (→ for speaker) tribune f; (pulpit) chaire f
    (d) (in sports ground) tribune f;
    ∎ the stands roared un rugissement s'éleva des tribunes ou des gradins
    ∎ (taxi) stand station f de taxis
    (f) (in courtroom) barre f;
    ∎ the first witness took the stand le premier témoin est venu à la barre
    (g) (position, stance) position f;
    ∎ to take a stand on sth prendre position sur qch;
    ∎ what's your stand on the issue? quelle est votre position sur la question?;
    ∎ he refuses to take a stand il refuse de prendre position
    (h) Military & figurative (defensive effort) résistance f, opposition f;
    ∎ to make a stand résister;
    ∎ they made a stand at the foot of the hill ils ont résisté au pied de la colline;
    ∎ to make a stand against an abuse s'opposer résolument à un abus;
    ∎ History Custer's last stand la dernière bataille de Custer
    (i) (of trees) bosquet m, futaie f; (of crop) récolte f sur pied;
    ∎ a fine stand of corn un beau champ de blé;
    ∎ a stand of bamboo un massif de bambous
    (a) (set, place) mettre, poser;
    ∎ he stood the boy on a chair il a mis le garçon debout sur une chaise;
    ∎ she stood her umbrella in the corner elle a mis son parapluie dans le coin;
    ∎ to stand sth on (its) end mettre qch debout;
    ∎ help me stand the bedstead against the wall aide-moi à dresser le sommier ou mettre le sommier debout contre le mur
    (b) (endure, withstand) supporter;
    ∎ his heart couldn't stand the shock son cœur n'a pas résisté au ou n'a pas supporté le choc;
    ∎ it will stand high temperatures without cracking cela peut résister à ou supporter des températures élevées sans se fissurer;
    ∎ how much weight can the bridge stand? quel poids le pont peut-il supporter?;
    ∎ the motor wasn't built to stand intensive use le moteur n'a pas été conçu pour supporter un usage intensif;
    ∎ wool carpeting can stand a lot of hard wear les moquettes en laine sont très résistantes;
    ∎ she's not strong enough to stand another operation elle n'est pas assez forte pour supporter une nouvelle opération;
    ∎ he certainly doesn't stand comparison with Bogart il n'est absolument pas possible de le comparer avec Bogart;
    ∎ their figures don't stand close inspection leurs chiffres ne résistent pas à un examen sérieux
    (c) (put up with, bear → toothache, cold) supporter; (→ behaviour) supporter, tolérer;
    ∎ I can't stand it any longer! je n'en peux plus!;
    ∎ how can you stand working with him? comment est-ce que vous faites pour ou comment arrivez-vous à travailler avec lui?;
    ∎ I've had as much as I can stand of your griping! j'en ai assez de tes jérémiades!;
    ∎ if there's one thing I can't stand, it's hypocrisy s'il y a quelque chose que je ne supporte pas, c'est bien l'hypocrisie;
    ∎ I can't stand (the sight of) him! je ne peux pas le supporter!, je ne peux pas le voir en peinture!;
    ∎ she can't stand Wagner/smokers elle ne peut pas supporter Wagner/les fumeurs;
    ∎ he can't stand flying il déteste prendre l'avion
    (d) familiar (do with, need) supporter□, avoir besoin de□ ;
    ∎ oil company profits could certainly stand a cut une diminution de leurs bénéfices ne ferait aucun mal aux compagnies pétrolières;
    ∎ he could stand a bath! un bain ne lui ferait pas de mal!;
    ∎ American could I stand a drink! je prendrais bien un petit verre!
    (e) (perform duty of) remplir la fonction de;
    ∎ to stand witness for sb (at marriage) être le témoin de qn
    ∎ to stand sb a meal payer un repas à qn;
    ∎ British I'll stand you a drink, American I'll stand you to a drink je t'offre un verre
    ∎ to stand a chance (of doing sth) avoir de bonnes chances (de faire qch);
    ∎ you don't stand a chance! vous n'avez pas la moindre chance!;
    ∎ the plans stand little chance of being approved les projets ont peu de chances d'être approuvés
    (a) (rise to one's feet) se lever, se mettre debout;
    ∎ he refused to stand for the national anthem il a refusé de se lever pendant l'hymne national
    (b) (be on one's feet) être debout, se tenir debout; (in a specified location, posture) être, se tenir;
    ∎ I've been standing all day je suis resté debout toute la journée;
    ∎ I had to stand all the way j'ai dû voyager debout pendant tout le trajet;
    ∎ she was so tired she could hardly stand elle était si fatiguée qu'elle avait du mal à tenir debout ou sur ses jambes;
    ∎ wear flat shoes if you have to stand a lot portez des chaussures à talons plats si vous devez rester debout pendant des heures;
    ∎ I don't mind standing ça ne me gêne pas de rester debout;
    ∎ don't stand near the edge ne restez pas près du bord;
    ∎ don't just stand there, do something! ne restez pas là à ne rien faire!;
    ∎ stand clear! écartez-vous!;
    ∎ I saw her standing at the window je l'ai vue (debout) à la fenêtre;
    ∎ a man stood in the doorway un homme se tenait à la porte;
    ∎ do you see that man standing over there? vous voyez cet homme là-bas?;
    ∎ where should I stand? - beside Yvonne où dois-je me mettre? - à côté d'Yvonne;
    ∎ I'll be standing outside the theatre j'attendrai devant le théâtre;
    ∎ small groups of men stood talking at street corners des hommes discutaient par petits groupes au coin des rues;
    ∎ he was standing at the bar il était debout au comptoir;
    ∎ is there a chair I can stand on? y a-t-il une chaise sur laquelle je puisse monter?;
    ∎ they were standing a little way off ils se tenaient un peu à l'écart;
    ∎ excuse me, you're standing on my foot excusez-moi, vous me marchez sur le pied;
    ∎ American to stand in line faire la queue;
    ∎ School stand in the corner! au coin!;
    ∎ to stand upright or erect se tenir droit;
    ∎ he was so nervous he couldn't stand still il était si nerveux qu'il ne tenait pas en place;
    ∎ I stood perfectly still, hoping they wouldn't see me je me suis figé sur place en espérant qu'ils ne me verraient pas;
    ∎ stand still! ne bougez pas!, ne bougez plus!;
    ∎ stand with your feet apart écartez les pieds;
    ∎ the heron was standing on one leg le héron se tenait debout sur une patte;
    ∎ to stand on tiptoe se tenir sur la pointe des pieds;
    ∎ stand and deliver! la bourse ou la vie!;
    ∎ figurative to stand on one's own two feet se débrouiller tout seul;
    ∎ figurative he left the others standing (gen) il était de loin le meilleur; (in race) il a laissé les autres sur place
    (c) (be upright → post, target etc) être debout;
    ∎ not a stone (of the building) was left standing le bâtiment était complètement détruit;
    ∎ the house is still standing la maison tient toujours debout;
    ∎ the aqueduct has stood for centuries l'aqueduc est là depuis des siècles;
    ∎ the wheat stood high les blés étaient hauts
    (d) (be supported, be mounted) reposer;
    ∎ the coffin stood on trestles le cercueil reposait sur des tréteaux;
    ∎ the house stands on solid foundations la maison repose ou est bâtie sur des fondations solides;
    ∎ figurative this argument stands on three simple facts ce raisonnement repose sur trois simples faits
    (e) (be located → building, tree, statue) se trouver; (→ clock, vase, lamp) être, être posé;
    ∎ the fort stands on a hill la forteresse se trouve en haut d'une colline;
    ∎ this is where the city gates once stood c'est ici qu'autrefois se dressaient les portes de la ville;
    ∎ the piano stood in the centre of the room le piano était au centre ou occupait le centre de la pièce;
    ∎ the bottles stood in rows of five les bouteilles étaient disposées en rangées de cinq;
    ∎ do you see the lorry standing next to my car? vous voyez le camion qui est à côté de ma voiture?;
    ∎ a wardrobe stood against one wall il y avait une armoire contre un mur
    (f) (indicating current state of affairs, situation) être;
    ∎ how do things stand? où en est la situation?;
    ∎ how do we stand? (in work etc) où en sommes-nous?; (financially) où en sont nos comptes?;
    ∎ I'd like to know where I stand with you j'aimerais savoir où en sont les choses entre nous;
    ∎ I don't know where I stand j'ignore quelle est ma situation ou ma position;
    ∎ you never know how or where you stand with her on ne sait jamais sur quel pied danser avec elle;
    ∎ as things stand, as matters stand telles que les choses se présentent;
    ∎ he's dissatisfied with the contract as it stands il n'est pas satisfait du contrat tel qu'il a été rédigé;
    ∎ just print the text as it stands imprimez le texte tel quel;
    ∎ he stands accused of rape il est accusé de viol;
    ∎ she stands alone in advocating this approach elle est la seule à préconiser cette approche;
    ∎ I stand corrected je reconnais m'être trompé ou mon erreur;
    ∎ the doors stood wide open les portes étaient grandes ouvertes;
    ∎ I've got a taxi standing ready j'ai un taxi qui attend;
    ∎ the police are standing ready to intervene la police se tient prête à intervenir;
    ∎ the party stands united behind him le parti est uni derrière lui;
    ∎ no-one stands above the law personne n'est au-dessus des lois;
    ∎ to stand at (gauge, barometer) indiquer; (score) être de; (unemployment) avoir atteint;
    ∎ their turnover now stands at three million pounds leur chiffre d'affaires atteint désormais les trois millions de livres;
    ∎ the exchange rate stands at 5 francs to the dollar le taux de change est de 5 francs pour un dollar;
    ∎ we're standing right behind you nous sommes avec vous;
    ∎ with the union standing behind him avec le soutien du syndicat;
    ∎ nothing stood between her and victory rien ne pouvait désormais l'empêcher de gagner;
    ∎ it's the only thing standing between us and financial disaster c'est la seule chose qui nous empêche de sombrer dans un désastre financier;
    ∎ to stand in need of… avoir besoin de…;
    ∎ he stands in danger of losing his job il risque de perdre son emploi;
    ∎ I stood lost in admiration j'en suis resté béat d'admiration;
    ∎ to stand in sb's way bloquer le passage à qn;
    ∎ figurative don't stand in my way! n'essaie pas de m'en empêcher!;
    ∎ nothing stands in our way now maintenant, la voie est libre;
    ∎ if you want to leave school I'm not going to stand in your way si tu veux quitter l'école, je ne m'y opposerai pas;
    ∎ it's his lack of experience that stands in his way c'est son manque d'expérience qui le handicape;
    ∎ their foreign debt stands in the way of economic recovery leur dette extérieure constitue un obstacle à la reprise économique;
    ∎ her pride is the only thing standing in the way of their reconciliation son orgueil est le seul obstacle à leur réconciliation
    (g) (remain) rester; (be left undisturbed → marinade, dough) reposer; (→ tea) infuser;
    ∎ the machines stood idle les machines étaient arrêtées;
    ∎ the houses stood empty awaiting demolition les maisons, vidées de leurs occupants, attendaient d'être démolies;
    ∎ time stood still le temps semblait s'être arrêté;
    ∎ the car has been standing in the garage for a year ça fait un an que la voiture n'a pas bougé du garage;
    ∎ I've decided to let my flight reservation stand j'ai décidé de ne pas changer ma réservation d'avion;
    ∎ let the mixture stand until the liquid is clear laissez reposer le mélange jusqu'à ce que le liquide se clarifie;
    ∎ the champion stands unbeaten le champion reste invaincu;
    ∎ his theory stood unchallenged for a decade pendant dix ans, personne n'a remis en cause sa théorie;
    ∎ the government will stand or fall on the outcome of this vote le maintien ou la chute du gouvernement dépend du résultat de ce vote;
    ∎ united we stand, divided we fall l'union fait la force
    (h) (be valid, effective → offer, law) rester valable; (→ decision) rester inchangé;
    ∎ my invitation still stands vous êtes toujours invité;
    ∎ the verdict stands unless there's an appeal le jugement reste valable à moins que l'on ne fasse appel;
    ∎ even with this new plan, our objection still stands ce nouveau projet ne remet pas en cause notre objection première;
    ∎ the bet stands le pari tient;
    ∎ what you said last week, does that still stand? et ce que tu as dit la semaine dernière, ça tient toujours?
    (i) (measure → person, tree) mesurer;
    ∎ she stands 5 feet in her stocking feet elle mesure moins de 1,50 m pieds nus;
    ∎ the building stands ten storeys high l'immeuble compte dix étages
    (j) (rank) se classer, compter;
    ∎ this hotel stands among the best in the world cet hôtel figure parmi les meilleurs du monde;
    ∎ American she stands first/last in her class elle est la première/la dernière de sa classe;
    ∎ I know she stands high in your opinion je sais que tu as une très bonne opinion d'elle;
    ∎ for price and quality, it stands high on my list en ce qui concerne le prix et la qualité, je le range ou le compte parmi les meilleurs
    ∎ how or where does he stand on the nuclear issue? quelle est sa position ou son point de vue sur la question du nucléaire?;
    ∎ you ought to tell them where you stand vous devriez leur faire part de votre position
    ∎ to stand to lose risquer de perdre;
    ∎ to stand to win avoir des chances de gagner;
    ∎ they stand to make a huge profit on the deal ils ont des chances de faire un bénéfice énorme dans cette affaire;
    ∎ no one stands to gain from a quarrel like this personne n'a rien à gagner d'une telle querelle
    (m) British (run in election) se présenter, être candidat;
    ∎ she stood for Waltham elle a été candidate à la circonscription de Waltham;
    ∎ will he stand for re-election? va-t-il se représenter aux élections?;
    ∎ she's standing as an independent elle se présente en tant que candidate indépendante
    (n) American (stop) s'arrêter (pour un court instant);
    ∎ no standing (sign) arrêt interdit
    (o) American (pay) payer la tournée;
    ∎ you're standing c'est ta tournée
    rester là;
    ∎ we stood about or around waiting for the flight announcement nous restions là à attendre que le vol soit annoncé;
    ∎ the prisoners stood about or around in small groups les prisonniers se tenaient par petits groupes;
    ∎ after Mass, the men stand about or around in the square après la messe, les hommes s'attardent sur la place;
    ∎ I can't afford to pay people to stand around all day doing nothing je n'ai pas les moyens de payer les gens à ne rien faire;
    ∎ I'm not just going to stand about waiting for you to make up your mind! je n'ai pas l'intention de rester là à attendre que tu te décides!
    (move aside) s'écarter;
    ∎ stand aside, someone's fainted! écartez-vous, quelqu'un s'est évanoui!;
    ∎ he politely stood aside to let us pass il s'écarta ou s'effaça poliment pour nous laisser passer;
    ∎ figurative to stand aside in favour of sb (gen) laisser la voie libre à qn; Politics se désister en faveur de qn
    (a) (move back) reculer, s'écarter;
    ∎ stand back from the doors! écartez-vous des portes!;
    ∎ she stood back to look at herself in the mirror elle recula pour se regarder dans la glace;
    ∎ the painting is better if you stand back from it le tableau est mieux si vous prenez du recul
    (b) (be set back) être en retrait ou à l'écart;
    ∎ the house stands back from the road la maison est en retrait (de la route)
    (c) (take mental distance) prendre du recul;
    ∎ I need to stand back and take stock j'ai besoin de prendre du recul et de faire le point
    (a) (support → person) soutenir;
    ∎ I'll stand by you through thick and thin je te soutiendrai ou je resterai à tes côtés quoi qu'il arrive
    (b) (adhere to → promise, word) tenir; (→ decision, offer) s'en tenir à;
    ∎ to stand by an agreement respecter un accord;
    ∎ I stand by what I said/my original analysis of the situation je m'en tiens à ce que j'ai dit/ma première analyse de la situation
    (a) (not intervene) rester là (sans rien faire ou sans intervenir);
    ∎ how could you just stand by and watch them mistreat that poor dog? comment as-tu pu rester là à les regarder maltraiter ce pauvre chien (sans intervenir)?;
    ∎ I stood by helplessly while they searched the room je restais là, impuissant, pendant qu'ils fouillaient la pièce
    (b) (be ready → person) être ou se tenir prêt; (→ vehicle) être prêt; (→ army, embassy) être en état d'alerte;
    ∎ the police were standing by to disperse the crowd la police se tenait prête à disperser la foule;
    ∎ we have an oxygen machine standing by nous avons une machine à oxygène prête en cas d'urgence;
    ∎ stand by! attention!; Nautical paré!, attention!;
    ∎ Aviation stand by for takeoff préparez-vous pour le décollage;
    ∎ Radio stand by to receive prenez l'écoute;
    ∎ Military standing by for orders! à vos ordres!
    (a) British Politics (withdraw) se désister; (resign) démissionner;
    ∎ will he stand down in favour of a younger candidate? va-t-il se désister en faveur d'un candidat plus jeune?
    (b) (leave witness box) quitter la barre;
    ∎ you may stand down, Mr Simms vous pouvez quitter la barre, M. Simms
    (c) Military (troops) être déconsigné (en fin d'alerte);
    ∎ stand down! (after drill) rompez (les rangs)!
    (workers) licencier
    (a) (represent) représenter;
    ∎ what does DNA stand for? que veut dire l'abréviation ADN?;
    ∎ the R stands for Ryan le R signifie Ryan;
    ∎ the dove stands for peace la colombe symbolise la paix;
    ∎ we want our name to stand for quality and efficiency nous voulons que notre nom soit synonyme de qualité et d'efficacité;
    ∎ she supports the values and ideas the party once stood for elle soutient les valeurs et les idées qui furent autrefois celles du parti;
    ∎ I detest everything that they stand for! je déteste tout ce qu'ils représentent!
    (b) (tolerate) tolérer, supporter; (allow) permettre;
    ∎ I'm not going to stand for it! je ne le tolérerai ou permettrai pas!
    assurer le remplacement;
    ∎ to stand in for sb remplacer qn; Cinema doubler qn
    British (workers) mettre en chômage technique
    Nautical (coast, island) croiser au large de;
    ∎ they have an aircraft carrier standing off Aden ils ont un porte-avions qui croise au large d'Aden
    (a) (move away) s'écarter
    (b) Nautical (take up position) croiser; (sail away) mettre le cap au large
    (a) (protrude → vein) saillir; (→ ledge) faire saillie, avancer;
    ∎ the veins in his neck stood out les veines de son cou saillaient ou étaient gonflées
    (b) (be clearly visible → colour, typeface) ressortir, se détacher; (→ in silhouette) se découper;
    ∎ the pink stands out against the green background le rose ressort ou se détache sur le fond vert;
    ∎ the masts stood out against the sky les mâts se découpaient ou se dessinaient contre le ciel;
    ∎ the name on the truck stood out clearly le nom sur le camion était bien visible;
    ∎ she stands out in a crowd on la remarque dans la foule;
    ∎ figurative I don't like to stand out in a crowd je n'aime pas me singulariser;
    ∎ this one book stands out from all his others ce livre-ci surclasse tous ses autres livres;
    ∎ there is no one issue which stands out as being more important than the others il n'y a pas une question qui soit plus importante que les autres;
    ∎ the qualities that stand out in his work les qualités marquantes de son œuvre;
    ∎ she stands out above all the rest elle surpasse ou surclasse tous les autres;
    ∎ the day stands out in my memory cette journée est marquée d'une pierre blanche dans ma mémoire;
    ∎ familiar that stands out a mile! (is very obvious) ça se voit comme le nez au milieu de la figure!;
    ∎ it really stands out that he's not a local ça se voit ou se remarque vraiment qu'il n'est pas d'ici
    (c) (resist, hold out) tenir bon, tenir, résister;
    ∎ they won't be able to stand out for long ils ne pourront pas tenir ou résister longtemps;
    ∎ to stand out against (attack, enemy) résister à; (change, tax increase) s'opposer avec détermination à;
    ∎ to stand out for sth revendiquer qch;
    ∎ they are standing out for a pay increase ils revendiquent ou réclament une augmentation de salaire
    (watch over) surveiller;
    ∎ I can't work with someone standing over me je ne peux pas travailler quand quelqu'un regarde par-dessus mon épaule;
    ∎ she stood over him until he'd eaten every last bit elle ne l'a pas lâché avant qu'il ait mangé la dernière miette
    British (postpone) remettre (à plus tard);
    ∎ I'd prefer to stand this discussion over until we have more information je préférerais remettre cette discussion jusqu'à ce que nous disposions de plus amples renseignements
    British être remis (à plus tard);
    ∎ we have two items standing over from the last meeting il nous reste deux points à régler depuis la dernière réunion
    Military mettre en état d'alerte
    Military se mettre en état d'alerte;
    ∎ stand to! à vos postes!
    être ou rester solidaire
    (a) (set upright → chair, bottle) mettre debout;
    ∎ they stood the prisoner up against a tree ils ont adossé le prisonnier à un arbre;
    ∎ stand the ladder up against the wall mettez ou appuyez l'échelle contre le mur;
    ∎ to stand a child up (again) (re)mettre un enfant sur ses pieds
    (b) familiar (fail to meet) poser un lapin à;
    ∎ I was stood up twice in a row on m'a posé un lapin deux fois de suite
    (a) (rise to one's feet) se lever, se mettre debout;
    ∎ she stood up to offer me her seat elle se leva pour m'offrir sa place;
    ∎ stand up! levez-vous!, debout!;
    ∎ figurative to stand up and be counted avoir le courage de ses opinions
    (b) (be upright) être debout;
    ∎ I can't get the candle to stand up straight je n'arrive pas à faire tenir la bougie droite
    (c) (last) tenir, résister;
    ∎ how is that repair job standing up? est-ce que cette réparation tient toujours?
    (d) (be valid → argument, claim) être valable, tenir debout;
    ∎ his evidence won't stand up in court son témoignage ne sera pas valable en justice
    défendre;
    ∎ to stand up for oneself se défendre
    ∎ to stand up to sth résister à qch;
    ∎ to stand up to sb tenir tête à ou faire face à qn;
    ∎ he's too weak to stand up to her il est trop faible pour lui tenir tête;
    ∎ she had a hard time standing up to their criticism ça ne lui a pas été facile de faire face à leurs critiques;
    ∎ it won't stand up to that sort of treatment ça ne résistera pas à ce genre de traitement;
    ∎ her hypothesis doesn't stand up to empirical testing son hypothèse ne résiste pas à la vérification expérimentale

    Un panorama unique de l'anglais et du français > stand

  • 16 escape

    i'skeip
    1. verb
    1) (to gain freedom: He escaped from prison.) escapar(se)
    2) (to manage to avoid (punishment, disease etc): She escaped the infection.) salvarse (de), librarse (de)
    3) (to avoid being noticed or remembered by; to avoid (the observation of): The fact escaped me / my notice; His name escapes me / my memory.) escapar, pasar inadvertido
    4) ((of a gas, liquid etc) to leak; to find a way out: Gas was escaping from a hole in the pipe.) fugarse

    2. noun
    ((act of) escaping; state of having escaped: Make your escape while the guard is away; There have been several escapes from that prison; Escape was impossible; The explosion was caused by an escape of gas.) fuga
    - escapist
    escape1 n fuga
    escape2 vb escaparse / fugarse
    Del verbo escapar: ( conjugate escapar) \ \
    escapé es: \ \
    1ª persona singular (yo) pretérito indicativo

    escape es: \ \
    1ª persona singular (yo) presente subjuntivo
    3ª persona singular (él/ella/usted) presente subjuntivo
    3ª persona singular (él/ella/usted) imperativo
    Multiple Entries: escapar     escape
    escapar ( conjugate escapar) verbo intransitivo 1 to escape; escape de algo ‹de cárcel/rutina/peligro› to escape from sth; ‹de castigo/muerte› to escape sth 2
    ◊ dejar escapar ‹carcajada/suspiro› to let out, give;
    ‹ oportunidad› to pass up; ‹persona/animal› to let … get away escaparse verbo pronominal 1 [ prisionero] to escape; [animal/niño] to run away; escapese de algo ‹de cárcel/jaula› to escape from sth; ‹de situación/castigo› to escape sth; escapese de algn ‹de policía/perseguidor› to escape (from) sth; se me escapó el perro the dog got away from me 2 (+ me/te/le etc) se me escapó ese detalle that detail escaped my notice 3 [gas/aire/agua] to leak
    escape sustantivo masculino
    a) ( fuga) escape
    b) (de gas, fluido) leak
    c) (Auto) exhaust

    escapar verbo intransitivo to escape, run away, get away: escapó de la justicia, he escaped from the law
    dejó escapar un grito, she let out a cry
    no dejes escapar esta oportunidad, don't let this opportunity slip ➣ Ver nota en escape
    escape sustantivo masculino
    1 (de gas, líquido) leak, escape
    2 Téc exhaust
    tubo de escape, exhaust (pipe)
    3 (huida) escape (salida, escapatoria) way out ' escape' also found in these entries: Spanish: Esc - escalera - escapar - escapada - escaparse - escapatoria - evadirse - evasión - fuga - fugarse - huir - huida - humo - inadvertida - inadvertido - librarse - pérdida - salvarse - tentativa - tubo - tufo - válvula - zafarse - cosa - evadir - ir - librar - milagro - salir - sujetar - tobogán - vida - volar English: discharge - elaborate - escape - exhaust pipe - fire escape - leak - narrow - out - outlet - pent-up - release - store up - back - break - detection - effect - elude - exhaust - fire - get - leakage - lucky - slip - tailpipe - turn - unhurt
    tr[ɪ'skeɪp]
    1 (flight) fuga, huida ( from, de)
    2 (of gas) fuga, escape nombre masculino
    1 (get free, get away) escaparse, fugarse, huir
    2 (gas etc) escapar
    1 (avoid) escapar a, salvarse de, librarse de
    2 (be forgotten or unnoticed) escaparse, no recordar
    \
    SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALL
    to escape one's notice pasarle a uno desapercibido
    to have a narrow escape salvarse por los pelos
    escape clause cláusula de excepción
    escape hatch escotilla de salvamento
    escape route vía de escape
    escape valve válvula de escape
    escape vehicle vehículo de la fuga
    escape [ɪ'skeɪp, ɛ-] v, - caped ; - caping vt
    : escaparse de, librarse de, evitar
    escape vi
    : escaparse, fugarse, huir
    1) flight: fuga f, huida f, escapada f
    2) leakage: escape m, fuga f
    3) : escapatoria f, evasión f
    to have no escape: no tener escapatoria
    escape from reality: evasión de la realidad
    n.
    • escape (Informática) s.m.
    n.
    • escapada s.f.
    • escapatoria s.f.
    • fuga s.f.
    • huida s.f.
    v.
    • aventarse* v.
    • eludir v.
    • escapar v.
    • escaparse v.
    • escurrir v.
    • evadir v.
    • evitar v.
    • fugarse v.
    • huir v.
    • zafar v.

    I
    1. ɪ'skeɪp
    1)
    a) ( flee) escaparse; \<\<prisoner\>\> fugarse*, escapar(se)

    to escape FROM something — \<\<from prison\>\> fugarse* or escapar(se) de algo; \<\<from cage/zoo\>\> escaparse de algo; \<\<from danger/routine\>\> escapar de algo

    b) escaped past p < animal> escapado
    c) \<\<air/gas/water\>\> escaparse
    2) (from accident, danger) salvarse

    2.
    vt \<\<pursuer/police\>\> escaparse or librarse de; \<\<capture\>\> salvarse de, escapar a; \<\<responsibilities/consequences\>\> librarse de

    they escaped punishment/prosecution — se libraron de ser castigados/juzgados


    II
    a) c u ( from prison) fuga f, huida f

    to make one's escape — escaparse; (before n)

    escape attempt — intento m de fuga

    b) c u (from accident, danger)

    to have a narrow/miraculous escape — salvarse or escaparse por muy poco/milagrosamente

    c) c (of gas, air, water) escape m, fuga f
    d) c u ( from reality) evasión f
    e) c u ( Comput)

    press escape — pulse or oprima la tecla de escape; (before n) <key/routine> de escape

    [ɪs'keɪp]
    1. N
    1) (from detention) fuga f ; (from country) huida f

    • to make one's escape — escapar(se)

    2) (from injury, harm)

    • to have a lucky or narrow escape — (lit, fig) salvarse por los pelos

    he had a lucky or narrow escape — (from death) tuvo suerte de escapar or salir con vida, se salvó por los pelos

    3) (from real world) evasión f
    4) [of water, gas] fuga f, escape m
    2. VT
    1) (=avoid) [+ pursuer] escapar de, librarse de; [+ punishment, death] librarse de; [+ consequences] evitar

    • they managed to escape capture/ detection — consiguieron evitar que les capturaran/detectaran

    • they jumped out of the window to escape the fire — saltaron por la ventana para escapar del fuego

    • they were lucky to escape injury — tuvieron mucha suerte de salir ilesos

    • there was no way I could escape meeting him — no había manera de poder evitar verme con él

    • they left the country to escape the press — se fueron del país para escapar de la prensa

    • he just escaped being run over — por poco lo atropellan

    2) (=elude)

    • it had escaped his notice or attention that... — se le había escapado que...

    3) esp liter (=issue from)
    3. VI
    1) (=get away) (gen) escaparse; [prisoner] fugarse, escapar(se)

    • to escape from — [+ prison] escapar(se) de, fugarse de; [+ cage] escaparse de; [+ danger, harm] huir de; [+ reality] evadirse de

    • in winter I think of escaping to the sun — en invierno pienso en escaparme a un sitio con sol

    • she escaped unhurt — salió ilesa

    • he escaped with a few bruises — solo sufrió algunas magulladuras

    2) (=leak) [liquid, gas] salirse
    3) (=issue)
    4.
    CPD

    escape attempt N — intento m de fuga

    escape clause N — (in agreement) cláusula f de excepción

    escape hatch N — (in plane, space rocket) escotilla f de salvamento

    escape key N — (Comput) tecla f de escape

    escape pipe N — tubo m de desagüe

    escape plan N — plan m de fuga

    escape route N — ruta f de escape

    escape valve N — válvula f de escape

    escape velocity N — (Aer) velocidad f de escape

    * * *

    I
    1. [ɪ'skeɪp]
    1)
    a) ( flee) escaparse; \<\<prisoner\>\> fugarse*, escapar(se)

    to escape FROM something — \<\<from prison\>\> fugarse* or escapar(se) de algo; \<\<from cage/zoo\>\> escaparse de algo; \<\<from danger/routine\>\> escapar de algo

    b) escaped past p < animal> escapado
    c) \<\<air/gas/water\>\> escaparse
    2) (from accident, danger) salvarse

    2.
    vt \<\<pursuer/police\>\> escaparse or librarse de; \<\<capture\>\> salvarse de, escapar a; \<\<responsibilities/consequences\>\> librarse de

    they escaped punishment/prosecution — se libraron de ser castigados/juzgados


    II
    a) c u ( from prison) fuga f, huida f

    to make one's escape — escaparse; (before n)

    escape attempt — intento m de fuga

    b) c u (from accident, danger)

    to have a narrow/miraculous escape — salvarse or escaparse por muy poco/milagrosamente

    c) c (of gas, air, water) escape m, fuga f
    d) c u ( from reality) evasión f
    e) c u ( Comput)

    press escape — pulse or oprima la tecla de escape; (before n) <key/routine> de escape

    English-spanish dictionary > escape

  • 17 agitado

    adj.
    1 agitated, unquiet, excited, rough-and-tumble.
    2 agitated, rough, choppy, surging.
    Troubled waters.. Aguas agitadas.
    3 bumpy.
    4 hectic, busy.
    past part.
    past participle of spanish verb: agitar.
    * * *
    1→ link=agitar agitar
    1 (movido) agitated, shaken; (mar) rough, choppy
    2 (ansioso) anxious
    3 (ajetreado) hectic
    * * *
    (f. - agitada)
    adj.
    agitated, excited
    * * *
    1. ADJ
    1) [mar] rough, choppy; [aire] turbulent; [vuelo] bumpy
    2) (fig) (=trastornado) agitated, upset; (=emocionado) excited; [vida] hectic
    2.
    SM stirring, mixing
    * * *
    - da adjetivo
    a) < mar> rough, choppy
    b) <día/vida> hectic, busy
    c) (Pol)
    d) < persona> worked up, agitated
    * * *
    = hectic, turbulent, restless, in a state of turmoil, choppy [choppier -comp., chopiest -sup.], twitchy [twitchier -comp., twitchiest -sup.].
    Ex. The hectic pace of developments in IT applications has raised many sensitive issues for educators.
    Ex. The vocabulary used in conjunction with PRECIS is split in two sections, one part for Entities (or things) and the other for Attributes (properties of things, for example colour, weight; activities of things, for example flow, and properties of activities, for example, slow, turbulent).
    Ex. While scanning the area under supervision, the librarian may detect persons who appear restless or puzzled.
    Ex. Before long the teachers were in a state of turmoil over the issue.
    Ex. So far, Internet retailers have not been able to take the bread out of the mouths of the terrestrial booksellers, as had been feared, but the trading waters remain choppy.
    Ex. The day before she wouldn't eat or speak and she was twitchy since she didn't know what the future would hold.
    ----
    * mar agitada = heavy sea.
    * * *
    - da adjetivo
    a) < mar> rough, choppy
    b) <día/vida> hectic, busy
    c) (Pol)
    d) < persona> worked up, agitated
    * * *
    = hectic, turbulent, restless, in a state of turmoil, choppy [choppier -comp., chopiest -sup.], twitchy [twitchier -comp., twitchiest -sup.].

    Ex: The hectic pace of developments in IT applications has raised many sensitive issues for educators.

    Ex: The vocabulary used in conjunction with PRECIS is split in two sections, one part for Entities (or things) and the other for Attributes (properties of things, for example colour, weight; activities of things, for example flow, and properties of activities, for example, slow, turbulent).
    Ex: While scanning the area under supervision, the librarian may detect persons who appear restless or puzzled.
    Ex: Before long the teachers were in a state of turmoil over the issue.
    Ex: So far, Internet retailers have not been able to take the bread out of the mouths of the terrestrial booksellers, as had been feared, but the trading waters remain choppy.
    Ex: The day before she wouldn't eat or speak and she was twitchy since she didn't know what the future would hold.
    * mar agitada = heavy sea.

    * * *
    agitado -da
    1 ‹mar› rough, choppy
    2 ‹día/vida› hectic, busy
    3 ( Pol):
    una época agitada a period of unrest
    4 ‹persona› worked up o agitated
    * * *

    Del verbo agitar: ( conjugate agitar)

    agitado es:

    el participio

    Multiple Entries:
    agitado    
    agitar
    agitado
    ◊ -da adjetivo

    a) ‹ mar› rough, choppy

    b) ‹día/vida› hectic, busy

    c) ‹ persona› worked up, agitated

    agitar ( conjugate agitar) verbo transitivo
    a) ‹líquido/botella› to shake

    b) ‹brazo/pañuelo› to wave;

    ‹ alas› to flap
    agitarse verbo pronominal

    [ barca] to toss;
    [ toldo] to flap

    agitado,-a adjetivo
    1 agitated
    (el mar, un río) rough
    2 (nervioso) anxious
    ♦ Locuciones: llevar una vida muy agitada, to lead a very hectic life
    agitar verbo transitivo
    1 (el contenido de un envase) to shake
    2 (alterar a una multitud) to agitate, stir up
    ' agitado' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    accidentada
    - accidentado
    - agitada
    - impaciente
    - inquieta
    - inquieto
    - intranquilo
    - movido
    - nervioso
    English:
    bumpy
    - hectic
    - restless
    - troubled
    - disturbed
    - excited
    - rough
    - unsettled
    * * *
    agitado, -a adj
    1. [persona] worked up, excited
    2. [mar] rough, choppy
    * * *
    adj
    1 mar rough, choppy
    2 día hectic
    * * *
    agitado, -da adj
    1) : agitated, excited
    2) : choppy, rough, turbulent
    * * *
    agitado adj
    1. (día, etc) hectic / busy [comp. busier; superl. busiest]
    2. (mar) rough

    Spanish-English dictionary > agitado

  • 18 declaración de intenciones

    (n.) = policy statement, statement of objectives, mission statement, purpose statement, letter of intent, declaration of intent, vision statement
    Ex. Despite carefully framed acquistions policy statements regarding fiction in actual fact libraries allocate only a small percentage of their meagre book funds to fiction.
    Ex. Such a statement of objectives may appear narrowly defined in its practices and yet, at the same time, rather sweeping in its assumptions.
    Ex. The mission statement is the statement made by a library concerning its provision and development of services and products.
    Ex. The author proposes a mission or purpose statement for each library, which explains why a library exists in a community.
    Ex. Following the issue of a letter of intent to major bodybuilders, the tender was drawn up requiring tenderers to submit a breakdown of costs.
    Ex. While it is a useful declaration of intent for primary library users, its lack of an external assessment instrument is an important shortcoming.
    Ex. A vision statement describes the ideal situation if the organization could fulfill its utmost wish.
    * * *
    (n.) = policy statement, statement of objectives, mission statement, purpose statement, letter of intent, declaration of intent, vision statement

    Ex: Despite carefully framed acquistions policy statements regarding fiction in actual fact libraries allocate only a small percentage of their meagre book funds to fiction.

    Ex: Such a statement of objectives may appear narrowly defined in its practices and yet, at the same time, rather sweeping in its assumptions.
    Ex: The mission statement is the statement made by a library concerning its provision and development of services and products.
    Ex: The author proposes a mission or purpose statement for each library, which explains why a library exists in a community.
    Ex: Following the issue of a letter of intent to major bodybuilders, the tender was drawn up requiring tenderers to submit a breakdown of costs.
    Ex: While it is a useful declaration of intent for primary library users, its lack of an external assessment instrument is an important shortcoming.
    Ex: A vision statement describes the ideal situation if the organization could fulfill its utmost wish.

    Spanish-English dictionary > declaración de intenciones

  • 19 enfrentarse a un reto

    (v.) = face + challenge, meet + challenge, undertake + challenge, handle + challenge, confront + challenge
    Ex. While on-line systems possess the potential to fill a majority of Third World information gaps, they face tremendous practical challenges in these areas.
    Ex. They have to be reformed into organizations better fitted to meet the challenges of technology-dominated futures.
    Ex. When the students undertook the challenge of preparing cumulative author and subject indexes for the first ten volumes of the bulletin, they decided to invent procedures that would take advantage of the data base already available in the National Library of Medicine's MEDLINE.
    Ex. The author claims that by skirting the issue in the past with their video collections librarians have left themselves ill equipped to handle these new challenge.
    Ex. It is very important to establish information networks as a mechanism to confront the challenges presented by the 'information explosion'.
    * * *
    (v.) = face + challenge, meet + challenge, undertake + challenge, handle + challenge, confront + challenge

    Ex: While on-line systems possess the potential to fill a majority of Third World information gaps, they face tremendous practical challenges in these areas.

    Ex: They have to be reformed into organizations better fitted to meet the challenges of technology-dominated futures.
    Ex: When the students undertook the challenge of preparing cumulative author and subject indexes for the first ten volumes of the bulletin, they decided to invent procedures that would take advantage of the data base already available in the National Library of Medicine's MEDLINE.
    Ex: The author claims that by skirting the issue in the past with their video collections librarians have left themselves ill equipped to handle these new challenge.
    Ex: It is very important to establish information networks as a mechanism to confront the challenges presented by the 'information explosion'.

    Spanish-English dictionary > enfrentarse a un reto

  • 20 fecha de caducidad

    expiry date
    * * *
    * * *
    ( de medicamento) expiration date (AmE), expiry date (BrE); ( de alimento) use-by date; fecha de caducidad 25 junio 2005 ( en medicamento) expires June 25th 2005; ( en alimento) use by June 25th 2005
    * * *
    (n.) = date due, expiry date, expiration date, best by date, best before date, limited life, sell-by date
    Ex. A screen is then displayed which lists the locations, call numbers and dates due of each copy held by the chosen library.
    Ex. If you wish to pay with a VISA, MASTERCARD or AMERICAN EXPRESS Credit Card, please write you Credit Card Number and its expiry date below.
    Ex. The file contains information about journal subscriptions, such as the publisher, vendor, issue frequency, expiration date, and price per copy.
    Ex. Each carton is marked with a 'Best By' date, which is located on the bottom of the box.
    Ex. It should be safe to eat food after the ' best before' date, but the food will no longer be at its best.
    Ex. Cambelts have a limited life, if they break while the engine is running major damage can occur.
    Ex. The sell-by dates on the egg cartons are just to appease those who want a date on everything.
    * * *
    ( de medicamento) expiration date (AmE), expiry date (BrE); ( de alimento) use-by date; fecha de caducidad 25 junio 2005 ( en medicamento) expires June 25th 2005; ( en alimento) use by June 25th 2005
    * * *
    (n.) = date due, expiry date, expiration date, best by date, best before date, limited life, sell-by date

    Ex: A screen is then displayed which lists the locations, call numbers and dates due of each copy held by the chosen library.

    Ex: If you wish to pay with a VISA, MASTERCARD or AMERICAN EXPRESS Credit Card, please write you Credit Card Number and its expiry date below.
    Ex: The file contains information about journal subscriptions, such as the publisher, vendor, issue frequency, expiration date, and price per copy.
    Ex: Each carton is marked with a 'Best By' date, which is located on the bottom of the box.
    Ex: It should be safe to eat food after the ' best before' date, but the food will no longer be at its best.
    Ex: Cambelts have a limited life, if they break while the engine is running major damage can occur.
    Ex: The sell-by dates on the egg cartons are just to appease those who want a date on everything.

    * * *
    de medicamento expiry date; de alimento use-by date

    Spanish-English dictionary > fecha de caducidad

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